Transformation von Zufallsvariablen

Grimm, H.

doi:10.1002/bimj.19600020303

Cited by 28 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 88 publications

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“…The mycotoxin data of experiment 2 were analysed as a split-plot design across locations. Because the residual error terms of the mycotoxin data did not follow a normal distribution, the data were log transformed in both experiments (Grimm 1960). In all statistical models, genotypes and ECB treatments were considered as ®xed eects, whereas the locations and the genotype´location interactions were considered as random eects.…”

Section: Analysis Of Mycotoxinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between European corn borer resistance and concentration of mycotoxins produced by Fusarium spp. in grains of transgenic Bt maize hybrids, their isogenic counterparts, and commercial varieties

et al. 2002

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The European corn borer (ECB), Ostrinia nubilalis Hb., is a major pest of maize in central Europe and promotes the infection of maize with Fusarium spp. In this study, transgenic Bt maize hybrids were compared with their isogenic counterparts, and with commercial hybrids from the recommended list with regard to their level of ECB resistance and their concentration of deoxynivalenol (DON), its 15‐acetyl (15‐A‐DON) and 3‐acetyl (3‐A‐DON) derivatives, nivalenol (NIV), fusarenon‐X (FUS‐X), fumonisins (FUM), and zearalenon (ZEN) in harvested grains. The field experiments were performed in Germany at four locations in 1999 and at five locations in 2000. Transgenic Bt hybrids showed significantly lower means than their corresponding isogenic counterparts and than commercial hybrids for all resistance traits: damage rating of stalks, number of larvae per plant, number of larvae per ear, and percentage of damaged plants or ears under infestation. Among all mycotoxins analysed, DON consistently showed the highest concentration across all year × location combinations. Mycotoxin concentrations varied significantly between locations, years and genotypes, whereas mycotoxin concentrations were not significantly different between infested and protected plots. Associations between ECB resistance traits and mycotoxin concentrations were not consistent across years. It is concluded that under central European conditions, the use of Bt maize hybrids will only slightly reduce the contamination of maize kernels with mycotoxins produced by Fusarium spp.

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Section: Analysis Of Mycotoxinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between European corn borer resistance and concentration of mycotoxins produced by Fusarium spp. in grains of transgenic Bt maize hybrids, their isogenic counterparts, and commercial varieties

et al. 2002

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“…In addition, the agronomic traits and the MON concentrations were analysed as a split-plot design across locations to test for differences between ECB-infested and insecticideprotected plots. Because the residual error terms of the mycotoxin data did not follow a normal distribution, the data were log-transformed (Grimm 1960).…”

Section: Analysis Of Monmentioning

confidence: 99%

Concentration of moniliformin produced by Fusarium species in grains of transgenic Bt maize hybrids compared to their isogenic counterparts and commercial varieties under European corn borer pressure

et al. 2003

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The European corn borer (ECB), Ostrinia nubilalis Hb., is a major pest of maize in Central Europe and is suspected to promote infection of maize with Fusarium species. The objectives of this study were to (1) determine moniliformin (MON) concentration in early maturing European Bt maize hybrids, their isogenic counterparts, commercial cultivars and experimental hybrids, (2) evaluate the association between MON concentration and ECB resistance and (3) correlate MON concentration with concentrations of other mycotoxins determined from the same plant materials. The field experiments were performed at five locations in Germany. MON concentration was significantly higher with manual infestation of ECB larvae (296 μg/kg) than under insecticide protection (66 μg/kg). Bt hybrids showed significantly lower MON concentrations and higher grain yields under manual ECB infestation than their corresponding isogenic counterparts, as well as commercial and experimental hybrids. All ECB resistance traits and grain yield under ECB infestation were significantly correlated with MON concentration. Correlations between concentrations of MON and other Fusarium mycotoxins were not significant. The use of Bt maize hybrids or insecticides to control ECB reduces the contamination of maize grains with MON in Central Europe. The presence of resistance genes against Fusarium species in the current elite maize germplasm was indicated by ECB susceptible non‐Bt hybrids with low‐MON concentrations.

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“…Erbsenpflanzen wurden Id vor und Id nach der Inokulation ebenfalls bis zur Tropfnasse bespriiht. [12]. Sie werden durch folgendeSymbole zum Ausdruck gehracht: 0 : p > 5 % ; f : 5% 2 p > 1% ; *+: 1% 2 p > O,l% ; +++: O,l% 2 p. …”

Section: Priifung Des Rhamnolipids Auf Antiphytovirale Aktivitcitunclassified

Antiphytovirale Aktivität von Rhamnolipid aus Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Haferburg

Hommel²,

Kleber

et al. 1987

Acta Biotechnologica

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A rhamnolipid released by Pseudomonas aeruginosa 196 Aa into the culture medium reduced the number of local lesions induced by tobacco mosaic virus on leaves of the hypersensitive host iiicotiana glutinosa L. by up t o 90%. The content of potato virus X in the systemically infected host Nicotiana tabacum L. 'Samsun' is decreased in inoculated as well as in secondarily infected leaves by up to 50%. In a smaller degree red clover mottle virus is influenced in the systemic host Pisum sativum convar. speciosum (Dierb.) Alef 'Sadja'. I n den letzten Jahrzehnten ist eine Anzahl an Verbindungen aufgef linden iind entwickelt worden, mit denen eine Hemniung der Vermehrung oder Ausbreitung von Pflanzenviren moglich ist. Einige von ihnen werden heute bereits zur Viruseliminierung in %ell-, Meristem-und SproBspitzenkulturen eingesetzt [ 1-41. Antiphytovirale Verbindungen finden sich sowohl unter Synthetika als auch unter Extrakten oder Ausscheidungsprodukten von hoheren Organismen und Vikroorganismen. Letztere geben Ansatzpunkte zur biotechnologischen Produktion bzw. fur neue Einsatzgebiete entsprechender Priipamte, z. B. fur lipophile Fraktionen aus der Hefe Lodderomyces elongisprus IMET H 128 [5]. Da letztere ebenso wie antiphytoviral aktive Lysolecithine [6, 71 und Alkansulfonsiiuren [8] neben einer oder zwei hydrophoben, zumeist langeren Alkanketten hydrophile Bereiche unterschiedlicher Struktur besitzen, lag es nahe, auch andere Substenzen ahnlicher Struktur bezuglich antiphytoviraler Aktivitaten zu iintersuchen. Nachfolgend wird uber antiphytovirale Aktivitiiten eines Rhamnolipids berichtet, das von Psezcdomonas aervginosa in das Kulturmedium ausgeschieden wird. Naterial und MethodenKultiviemng und Wachstumskontrolle v m P . aeruginosa P . aeruginosa 196 Aa (Inst. Franpais du Petrole, Frankreich) wurde in Schuttelkultur in einem Minimalmedium nach [9] mit Glycerol (30 g/l) als Kohlenstoff-und Ammoniumsulfat (1 g/l) als Stickstoff-Quelle bei 30°C kultiviert. Der Verlauf der Kultivierung und die Ausscheidung von Rhamnolipid wurde iiber die Messung der optischen Dichte (600 nm) und der Oberflachenspannung verfolgt. Die Konzentration a n oberfliichenaktivem Rhamnolipid murde durch die kritische Micellbildungskonzentration (CMC) er-

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Transformation von Zufallsvariablen

Cited by 28 publications

References 88 publications

Relationship between European corn borer resistance and concentration of mycotoxins produced by Fusarium spp. in grains of transgenic Bt maize hybrids, their isogenic counterparts, and commercial varieties

Relationship between European corn borer resistance and concentration of mycotoxins produced by Fusarium spp. in grains of transgenic Bt maize hybrids, their isogenic counterparts, and commercial varieties

Concentration of moniliformin produced by Fusarium species in grains of transgenic Bt maize hybrids compared to their isogenic counterparts and commercial varieties under European corn borer pressure

Antiphytovirale Aktivität von Rhamnolipid aus Pseudomonas aeruginosa

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