Transformations of FCC catalysts and carbonaceous deposits during repeated reaction-regeneration cycles

Almas, Qandeel; Naeem, Muhammad Awais; Baldanza, Maria A. S.; Solomon, Jessica; Kenvin, Jeffery C.; Müller, Christoph R.; Silva, Victor Teixeira da; Jones, Christopher W.; Sievers, Carsten

doi:10.1039/c9cy01680e

Cited by 23 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 73 publications

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“…Notably, these effects were consistent with the diametric narrowing observed in Fig. 6, as slight shrinkage of the pore window can yield enhanced electrostatic interactions between the captured guests and adsorbent walls, thereby increasing the adsorption capacity even if the surface area and pore volume are lower [43,44]. Granted, the SA zeolite monolith (Fig.…”

Section: Adsorption Measurement Resultssupporting

confidence: 81%

Binderless zeolite monoliths production with sacrificial biopolymers

Lawson

Newport

Al-Naddaf

et al. 2021

Chemical Engineering Journal

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3D printing has emerged as an attractive way of formulating structured adsorbents, as it imparts lower manufacturing costs compared to hydraulic extrusion while also allowing for unprecedented geometric control. However, binderless structures have not been fabricated by 3D printing, as ink formulation has previously required clay binders which cannot be easily removed. In this study, we report the development of a facile approach to shape engineer binderless zeolites. 3D-printed inks comprised of 13X, 5A, ZSM-5, and experimental South African zeolites were prepared using gelatin and pectin as binding agents along with dropwise addition of various solvents. After printing, the dried monoliths were calcined to remove the biopolymers and form 100% pure zeolite structures. From N 2 physisorption and CO 2 adsorption measurements at 0 • C, all monoliths showed narrowing below 1 nm from their powders, which was attributed to pore malformation caused by intraparticle bridging during calcination. The various adsorption isotherms indicated that this narrowing led to varying degrees of enhanced adsorption capacities for all three gases, as the slightly smaller pores increased electrostatic binding between the sorbent walls and captured species. Analysis of CO 2 adsorption performance revealed comparable diffusivities and adsorption capacities to the commercial bead analogues, implying that biopolymer/ zeolite printing can produce contactors which are competitive to commercial benchmarks. The binderless monoliths also exhibited faster diffusivities compared to zeolite monoliths produced by conventional direct ink writingon account of an enhancement in macroporosityhighlighting that this new method enhances the kinetic properties of 3D-printed scaffolds. As such, the sacrificial biopolymer technique is an effective and versatile approach for 3D printing binderless zeolite structures.

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Section: Adsorption Measurement Resultssupporting

confidence: 81%

Binderless zeolite monoliths production with sacrificial biopolymers

Lawson

Newport

Al-Naddaf

et al. 2021

Chemical Engineering Journal

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“…En los espectros FTIR (A), se puede apreciar que el E-Cat tratado y el E-Cat sin tratar tienen una estructura similar a excepción del tramo de 600 cm -1 a 900 cm -1 (el E-Cat tratado tiene una absorbancia ligeramente mayor en ese rango comparado con el E-Cat sin tratar.) esto podría ser debido a que el E-Cat tratado previamente ya no cuenta con coque ni impurezas en su estructura [3], por lo tanto las señales al incidir la radiación infrarroja pueden ser obtenidas más fácilmente, teniéndose más intensidad en ellas [27]. Asimismo, se apreció una señal en 750 cm -1 aproximadamente que representa las vibraciones de enlaces T-O-T con las moléculas tetraédricas de SiO4 y AlO4 y un pico alrededor de 1100 cm -1 que representa las vibraciones de estiramiento asimétrico de enlaces T-O-T de las moléculas tetraédricas de SiO4 y AlO4, por lo que se podría considerar que el catalizador aún podría contar con sitios ácidos y por lo tanto con actividad catalítica debido a la presencia de Si y Al [24], asimismo los espectros del E-Cat (tratado y sin tratar) coinciden con la referencia [28].…”

Section: Análisis De Resultadosunclassified

Evaluación de Residuos Plásticos y Catalizadores para su Aplicación en Procesos Termoquímicos

Ramos¹,

Pretell²

2020

Proceedings of the 18th LACCEI International Multi-Conference for Engineering, Education, and Technology: Engineering, Integrat

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In Peru the plastics industry generates plastic waste of which only 50% are recycled. Likewise, fluidized catalytic cracking units annually produce significant amounts of catalyst that must be disposed as a solid residue. In this investigation, three samples of plastic waste from urban solid waste, a sample of fresh catalyst and another of FCC equilibrium catalyst were characterized, the equilibrium catalyst sample was heat treated to restore its catalytic properties and characterized with and without previous treatment. The characterization was performed by FTIR analysis and thermogravimetry. It was determined that the three samples of plastic waste analyzed were High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) and it was found that one of the three samples has a different thermogravimetric behavior because its maximum decomposition temperature is different. Likewise, it was determined that the fresh catalyst of Fluidized Catalytic Cracking (FCC) has a different chemical structure and thermogravimetric behavior than the treated and untreated equilibrium catalyst (E-Cat) samples. It is concluded that the samples of plastic waste are HDPE and have potential for use as a load of thermochemical processes, also the E-Cat have potential as catalysts in these processes.

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“…The catalyst was deactivated in MCDU, described in detail elsewhere ( Tangstad et al, 2000 ; Luo et al, 2007 ; Psarras et al, 2007 ; Almas et al, 2019 ). The vacuum gas oil (VGO) spiked with iron naphthenate was prepared according to the target iron deposition amount.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution of Iron on FCC Catalyst and Its Effect on Catalyst Performance

Liao

Liu

et al. 2021

Front. Chem.

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The effects of different iron contamination content on the formation of iron nodules and the performance of FCC catalysts have been studied by cyclic deactivation treatment using iron naphthenate. The catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction, N2 adsorption-desorption, and SEM. The catalysts’ performance was evaluated by the Advanced Cracking Evaluation device. It has been found that there will be obvious nodulation on the catalyst when the iron concentration exceeds 7,400 μg/g. With the iron deposition from 53 μg/g to 11,690 μg/g, the crystal structure of zeolite will not be destroyed by iron. The surface area and pore volume of the catalyst decreased significantly; the surface area decreased from 125.3 m2/g to 91.0 m2/g, and the pore volume decreased from 0.21 cm3/g to 0.16 cm3/g. The studies also showed that the increase of iron deposition will lead to the decrease of catalytic reaction efficiency. With the iron deposition from 53 μg/g to 11,690 μg/g, the conversion decreased by 4.83%. Under the same 78 wt.% conversion, bottoms yield and coke yield increased by 2.15% and 1.31%, while gasoline yield and LCO yield decreased by 2.59% and 2.16%, respectively. The real state of the industrial iron contaminated equilibrium catalyst can be mimicked by using the cyclic deactivation method.

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Transformations of FCC catalysts and carbonaceous deposits during repeated reaction-regeneration cycles

Abstract: Transformations of an industrial zeolite-based fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) catalyst and its coke deposits during regeneration following FCC reactions of a representative refinery stream are investigated.

Cited by 23 publications

References 73 publications

Binderless zeolite monoliths production with sacrificial biopolymers

Binderless zeolite monoliths production with sacrificial biopolymers

Evaluación de Residuos Plásticos y Catalizadores para su Aplicación en Procesos Termoquímicos

Distribution of Iron on FCC Catalyst and Its Effect on Catalyst Performance

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