Transforming reed waste into a highly active metal-free catalyst for oxygen reduction reaction

Cherif, Mohamed; Zhang, Gaixia; Almesrati, Ali; Chen, Jiatang; Wu, Mingjie; Komba, Nathanael; Hu, Yongfeng; Regier, Tom; Sham, Tsun‐Kong; Vidal, François; Sun, Shuhui

doi:10.1016/j.nanoen.2019.05.083

Cited by 39 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…65,69 Recently, our group developed the ammonia pyrolysis to introduce nitrogen in the biomass derived materials as a PGM-free ORR catalyst. 74 As shown in Figure 5A, a biomass, the reed waste, was used as the starting material and derived porous Si-C sample; after pyrolysis in ammonia gas for different period of time (ie, 4, 6, and 8 minutes), the porous Si-N-C catalysts were obtained. 74 As shown in Figure 5B,C, the optimal Si-N-C 6 minutes catalyst has a layered and porous structure with graphitic layers at the edges.…”

Section: F I G U R Ementioning

confidence: 99%

“…74 As shown in Figure 5A, a biomass, the reed waste, was used as the starting material and derived porous Si-C sample; after pyrolysis in ammonia gas for different period of time (ie, 4, 6, and 8 minutes), the porous Si-N-C catalysts were obtained. 74 As shown in Figure 5B,C, the optimal Si-N-C 6 minutes catalyst has a layered and porous structure with graphitic layers at the edges. Importantly, as shown in Figure 5D, the ammonia method successfully introduces nitrogen dopant in the final biomass-derived catalysts.…”

Section: F I G U R Ementioning

confidence: 99%

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Biomass‐derived nonprecious metal catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction: The demand‐oriented engineering of active sites and structures

et al. 2020

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Oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is an important electrochemical process for renewable energy conversion and storage applications such as fuel cells and metal-air batteries. ORR is sluggish in kinetics and requires a large amount of platinum group metal (PGM)-based catalysts to facilitate its slow reaction rate. Application of precious metals raises the cost and decreases the competitivity of these devices in the market. To address this challenge, PGM-free ORR catalysts have been intensively investigated as an alternative to replace the PGM-based catalysts and to promote the deployment of ORR-related applications. In particular, the biomass holds promising potential to be used as the precursor material for PGM-free ORR catalysts. This pathway has gained more and more attention in recent years. In this review, recent advances regarding biomass-derived ORR catalysts are summarized with a focus on the rational design of both active sites and porous structures which are the two key factors in determining ORR performance of catalysts. At the end, the perspectives of development of biomass-derived catalysts is discussed.

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Section: F I G U R Ementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: F I G U R Ementioning

confidence: 99%

Biomass‐derived nonprecious metal catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction: The demand‐oriented engineering of active sites and structures

et al. 2020

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“…A few recent papers test metal‐free catalysts outside of the three‐electrode R(R)DE environment for use in real devices. Metal–air batteries often employ an aqueous KOH electrolyte, much like that used in the three‐electrode testing, and so the environment is less dissimilar to a working device . As metal–air batteries need to charge and discharge, they require bifunctional catalysts to act as OER promotors, as well as ORR, and these will be covered later in the review.…”

Section: D Carbons For the Orrmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Co‐doping has been shown to be a successful strategy to improve the activity of metal‐free catalysts, with several recent examples in the literature showing similar or better performance than Pt/C in alkaline, and even promising activity in acidic electrolytes . Co‐doping not only changes the delocalization of spin or charge density (electronic configuration changes) but also it creates more intrinsic defects in carbon atoms.…”

Section: D Carbons For the Orrmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D Carbon Materials for Efficient Oxygen and Hydrogen Electrocatalysis

Sobrido

Jervis

Periasamy

et al. 2019

Advanced Energy Materials

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Sustainable energy production at an acceptable cost is key for its widespread application. At present, noble metals and metal oxides are the most widely used for electrocatalysis, but they suffer from low selectivity, poor durability, and scarcity. Because of this, metal‐free carbons have become the subject of great interest as promising alternative electrocatalysts for energy conversion and storage devices, and remarkable progress has been accomplished in the advance of metal‐free carbons as electrocatalysts for renewable energy technologies. Particularly interesting are 3D porous carbon architectures, which exhibit outstanding features for electrocatalysis applications, including broad range of active sites, interconnected porosity, high conductivity, and mechanical stability. This review summarizes the latest advances in 3D porous carbon structures for oxygen and hydrogen electrocatalysis. The structure–performance relationship of these materials is consequently rationalized and perspectives on creating more efficient 3D carbon electrocatalysts are suggested.

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“…[ 298–300 ] Furthermore, ORR is a rate‐limiting step of fuel cells. [ 301–305 ] However, the effects of external fields on these electrocatalysis have by far been rarely investigated. In theory, external field‐assisted ORR, NRR, and CO 2 RR are also feasible.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Promoting Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution Reaction and Oxygen Evolution Reaction by Fields: Effects of Electric Field, Magnetic Field, Strain, and Light

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promising alternative to fossil fuels. Water electrolysis by renewable resourcederived electricity represents a facile and green route to produce H 2. [1-13] Generally, the key to implement high-performance water splitting is to develop economically viable, efficient, and robust electrocatalysts to lower the activation potential barriers. Thus far, researchers have devoted extensive enthusiasm to the investigation of electrocatalysts. Currently, most efforts have been taken on the search for new materials, [14-16] regulation of morphology, [17] crystallinity, [18] facet, [19] component, [20-24] defect, [25,26] matter phase, [27,28] or the compositing of various materials with synergy. [29-36] However, the performances of emerging nonnoble electrocatalysts still lag behind those of noble ones. To address this issue, researchers have turned their attention beyond the electrocatalysts themselves. Field-assisted electrocatalysis is the electrocatalytic reaction proceeded in the presence of a field. It represents a promising methodology since it exerts an additional degree of freedom to engineer an electrochemical process. Inspiringly, indisputable improvements in electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) have been implemented with the assist of various fields, including electric field, magnetic field, strain, and light. For example, the electrocatalytic HER of a MoS 2 nanosheet is markedly boosted by simply exploiting a back gate voltage of 5 V. [37] Its overpotential at −100 mA cm −2 is decreased from 240 to 38 mV. In addition, enhancement of alkaline water electrolysis is achieved by applying a moderate magnetic field (≤450 mT) to an electrocatalytic anode consists of highly magnetic electrocatalysts. [38] Its current density increments are beyond 100%. Furthermore, the HER activity of β-PdH x increases monotonically as the applied strain increases from 0% to 4.5%. [39] Lastly, an approximately threefold increase in current density of Au-MoS 2 for electrocatalytic HER is realized upon the illumination of IR light. [40] These results undoubtedly elucidate that applying a field during electrocataly sis opens up great opportunities toward further improving electrocatalytic activity. Moreover, this approach provides merits of facile, dynamical, continuous, reversible, and universal control. Despite fascinating achievements, these investigations are relatively scattered. The underneath mechanisms and principles Hydrogen fuel is considered as one of the most clean renewable resources, warranting it a primary alternative to fossil fuels for future energy supplies. Electrocatalytic water splitting is an eco-friendly technique for high-purity hydrogen production. However, the sluggish dynamics of its two halfreactions, hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER), are tough challenges impeding the practical application of this technology. In these years, external field-assisted HER and OER have attracted extensive research interests. Herein, the effects o...

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Transforming reed waste into a highly active metal-free catalyst for oxygen reduction reaction

Cited by 39 publications

References 46 publications

Biomass‐derived nonprecious metal catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction: The demand‐oriented engineering of active sites and structures

Biomass‐derived nonprecious metal catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction: The demand‐oriented engineering of active sites and structures

3D Carbon Materials for Efficient Oxygen and Hydrogen Electrocatalysis

Promoting Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution Reaction and Oxygen Evolution Reaction by Fields: Effects of Electric Field, Magnetic Field, Strain, and Light

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