Transforming social cohesion into informal social control: Deconstructing collective efficacy and the moderating role of neighborhood racial homogeneity

Collins, Charles R.; Neal, Zachary P.; Neal, Jennifer Watling

doi:10.1080/07352166.2016.1245079

Cited by 43 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…For example, Hipp () demonstrates that prior success in terms of instituting informal social control increases the likelihood that an individual will perform informal social control at a later time point. Collins, Neal, and Neal () found that the relationship between social cohesion and informal social control is moderated by the racial composition of a neighborhood – with racial homogeneity strengthening the relationship between the constructs. Findings also show that the relationship between civic participation and collective efficacy is mediated by bonding social capital (Collins, Neal, & Neal, ).…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preventing Neighborhood Disorder: Comparing Alternative Models of Collective Efficacy Theory Using Structural Equation Modeling

Gearhart

2019

American J of Comm Psychol

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Highlights• Develops mutual efficacy to make "efficacy" an explicit component within collective efficacy theory • Compares three models of collective efficacy theory using structural equation modeling • Summarizes conceptual and empirical critiques of collective efficacy theory Abstract Collective efficacy is a widely studied theoretical framework. Originally operationalized as the combination of social cohesion and informal social control, collective efficacy theory is a predictor of multiple positive outcomes. Conceptual and empirical critiques of collective efficacy theory suggest that social cohesion and informal social control should be modeled as unique constructs. Further, the current model of collective efficacy theory does not include an explicit measure of efficacy. Mutual efficacy, defined as community members' beliefs that collective action will be successful at attaining group goals, will be developed in this manuscript. The purpose of mutual efficacy was to make efficacy an explicit component within collective efficacy theory. Three models of collective efficacy theory are compared in this study: (a) a one-factor model of collective efficacy that combines social cohesion and informal social control, (b) a two-factor model of collective efficacy that models social cohesion as a predictor of informal social control, and (c) a mutual efficacy model where the relationship between social cohesion and informal social control is mediated by mutual efficacy. Results suggest that the two-factor model and the mutual efficacy model both fit the data better than the current model of collective efficacy.

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Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preventing Neighborhood Disorder: Comparing Alternative Models of Collective Efficacy Theory Using Structural Equation Modeling

Gearhart

2019

American J of Comm Psychol

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“…Neighborhoods high in collective efficacy are theorized to have greater mutual trust among neighbors, and there is a shared sense of the importance of working together to keep the community safe (Collins et al. ; Morenoff et al. ; Nix et al.…”

Section: Prior Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent work has focused in particular on collective efficacy, defined as the community's level of social cohesion and the extent to which residents are willing to intervene to bring social control to the neighborhood (see Armstrong et al 2015;Hipp 2016;Mazerolle et al 2010;Sampson 2006;Sampson et al 1997). Neighborhoods high in collective efficacy are theorized to have greater mutual trust among neighbors, and there is a shared sense of the importance of working together to keep the community safe (Collins et al 2017;Morenoff et al 2001;Nix et al 2015; but see Browning et al 2004;Browning et al 2016;Brunton-Smith et al 2018). Sampson et al (1997) argue components of social disorganization may make it difficult for collective efficacy to develop.…”

Section: Prior Research Crime Prevention In Communitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Community Crime Prevention in High–Crime Areas: The Seattle Neighborhood Group Hot Spots Project

Telep

Hibdon

2018

City & Community

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Hot spots policing, in which police resources are directed toward small geographic areas with high crime levels, has been widely implemented and evaluated, but less is known about the effectiveness of nonpolice efforts to address high‐crime locations. Here, we examine the effectiveness of two hot spot interventions led by a community‐based nonprofit organization in Seattle, Washington. We use interrupted time series analysis to assess changes in total calls, as well as drug and disorder events at each site and in catchment areas surrounding each site. We find evidence of significant postintervention declines in calls for one treatment site and a decline in disorder in the second site. Overall, the results provide initial evidence that community‐led crime prevention efforts can have a positive impact on calls in crime and disorder hot spots without significant spatial displacement of crime and disorder. Furthermore, these approaches may be an optimal response to residential hot spots in particular, given current concerns about community reactions to intensive police approaches focused primarily on enforcement.

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“…Furthermore, other variables can influence the relationship between social cohesion and social control. Collins, Neal, and Neal () found that race moderated the relationship between these constructs, as residents who reported higher levels of social cohesion in their neighborhoods also reported higher levels of social control, with a larger effect when neighborhoods were racially homogeneous. This suggests that while social cohesion and social control theoretically combine to form collective efficacy, they should be measured and studied as independent constructs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neighborhood collective efficacy and collective action: The role of civic engagement

Carbone

McMillin

2018

Journal Community Psychology

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Theory suggests that by strengthening collective efficacy among neighbors, neighborhoods can more effectively engage in collective action. The research linking the two components of collective efficacy-social cohesion and social control-with collective action is limited. This study uses structural equation modeling with a nationally representative sample from the United States Census Bureau's American Housing Survey (N = 22,106) to analyze these relationships. This analysis finds that neither component of collective efficacy is directly associated with collective action. Instead, social cohesion is negatively, directly associated with civic engagement, social control is positively directly associated with civic engagement, and civic engagement is positively associated with collective action. Social cohesion and social control are indirectly associated with collective action when including civic engagement. Understanding the associations between collective efficacy, civic engagement, and collective action is informative for understanding effective and efficient community participation to facilitate change.

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Transforming social cohesion into informal social control: Deconstructing collective efficacy and the moderating role of neighborhood racial homogeneity

Cited by 43 publications

References 51 publications

Preventing Neighborhood Disorder: Comparing Alternative Models of Collective Efficacy Theory Using Structural Equation Modeling

Preventing Neighborhood Disorder: Comparing Alternative Models of Collective Efficacy Theory Using Structural Equation Modeling

Community Crime Prevention in High–Crime Areas: The Seattle Neighborhood Group Hot Spots Project

Neighborhood collective efficacy and collective action: The role of civic engagement

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