Transfusion‐Associated Complications

Blois, Shauna L.

doi:10.1002/9781118933053.ch11

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 127 publications

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“…Veterinary practice protocols varied in the duration of infusion and ranged between 30 to 240 min. Facial swelling, presumably caused by angioedema, is a recognised issue with homologous and heterologous plasma transfusion in cats and dogs 15 . An overall survival rate of 97% 3 was reported for 2077 cats treated for tick paralysis which is similar to the 95% observed here for PTAS.…”

Section: Figuresupporting

confidence: 72%

Safety and efficacy of a purified canine immunoglobulin G formulation for treatment of 76 cats clinically affected by the Australian paralysis tick (Ixodes holocyclus)

Padula

2022

Aust Veterinary J

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Acute adverse reactions in cats administered unrefined canine paralysis tick (Ixodes holocyclus) antiserum are commonly observed by veterinarians and can lead to significant morbidity and potentially fatal. A purified antiserum canine IgG concentrate was chromatographically prepared and aseptically formulated in single doses containing the equivalent of 5 mL of unrefined tick antiserum (TAS). The IgG was used for slow intravenous infusion into clinically affected cats at multiple veterinary clinics on the eastern seaboard of Australia. Overall, 72/76 (95%) of cats survived hospital discharge, an efficacy comparable to published data. A subset of 22 cats previously treated with unrefined TAS and considered high risk were included in the dataset. The safety profile was excellent with 0/76 acute adverse reactions although 2/76 (2.6%) developed mild facial swelling within 2 h of infusion that responded to the antihistamine. In conclusion, cats intravenously infused with purified IgG from canine TAS did not exhibit the expected frequency of acute adverse reactions during infusion and it was both safe and effective for the treatment of tick paralysis in cats.

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Section: Figuresupporting

confidence: 72%

Safety and efficacy of a purified canine immunoglobulin G formulation for treatment of 76 cats clinically affected by the Australian paralysis tick (Ixodes holocyclus)

Padula

2022

Aust Veterinary J

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“…However, as unexpected hemolysis was observed in 15% of blood units aged less than 14 days in the present study, the authors suggest that all blood, regardless of storage age, should be tested for hemolysis prior to administration. Subjective visual assessment for hemolysis is common practice 30 but is frequently inaccurate, 31,32 thus quantitative measures should be used instead.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro iatrogenic hemolysis of canine packed red blood cells during various rapid transfusion techniques

Weeks¹,

Motsinger‐Reif

Reems³

2020

J Vet Emergen Crit Care

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Objective To evaluate which rapid blood administration technique causes the least iatrogenic hemolysis in canine packed red blood cells (pRBCs) as determined by plasma free hemoglobin (fHb) and percent hemolysis (% hemolysis). Design Prospective in vitro randomized study. Setting Private referral center. Animals None. Interventions Thirteen units of canine pRBCs were divided equally into 5 aliquots, resulting in 65 trials. The aliquots of each unit were subjected to the following administration techniques: gravity‐driven (control), an infusion pump at maximal rate, application of a pressure bag, manual compression, and syringe bolus. Plasma fHb and % hemolysis were recorded before and after each trial. Rate of administration (mL/s) was calculated for each method. Measurements and main results Compared to the control, there were no significant increases in % hemolysis or plasma fHb noted among any of the trial methods. The manual compression and syringe bolus methods resulted in the fastest transfusion rates, whereas the infusion pump was not faster than the gravity‐driven method. Despite a storage time of ≤14 days, 15% of pRBC units had unsuitable (>0.8%) hemolysis before even being subjected to the trials. Conclusions Commonly used rapid infusion techniques in small animal transfusion medicine do not cause significant iatrogenic hemolysis of canine pRBCs in vitro, although a significant risk is present in stored blood. This suggests that if an expedited transfusion is needed, any method described in this study could be considered, although stored pRBCs should be tested for unsuitable levels of hemolysis prior to transfusion.

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“…Transfusion‐associated complications were documented if there were signs of an acute transfusion reaction including febrile non‐haemolytic anaemia (defined as a rectal temperature increase >1°C during or immediately after transfusion without any other explanation), acute haemolytic reaction (haemoglobinaemia, haemoglobinuria, rectal temperature >39.4°C, hypotension), and type I hypersensitivity reactions (facial swelling, urticaria, pruritus, hypotension). Volume overload was suspected in patients with increased respiratory effort, thoracic radiographs consistent with volume overload or diuretic administration by the primary clinician during or after transfusion (Davidow , Blois ). Other transfusion‐associated complications recorded included hypertension, hypotension, bradycardia or tachycardia, or cardiac arrest for which aetiology other than the transfusion could not be identified.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploration of risk factors for non‐survival and for transfusion‐associated complications in cats receiving red cell transfusions: 450 cases (2009 to 2017)

Martínez‐Sogues

Blois

Manzanilla

et al. 2020

J of Small Animal Practice

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Objectives To describe red blood cell transfusion practices and short‐term outcomes in anaemic cats. To determine clinical variables associated with non‐survival and transfusion‐related complications. Material and Methods In this retrospective study, blood bank records from the Ontario Veterinary College Health Science Centre (OVC‐HSC) were reviewed to identify cats that received packed red blood cells or whole blood from 2009 to 2017. We extracted cause of anaemia, history of previous transfusion, pre‐ and post‐transfusion packed cell volume, pre‐transfusion compatibility testing, volume and dose of blood product, age of red blood cell unit, transfusion‐associated complications and patient survival. Results A total of 450 transfusion events were recorded in 267 cats. Blood loss was the most common indication for blood transfusion (44.9%), followed by ineffective erythropoiesis (37.5%) and red blood cell destruction (22.5%). Transfusion‐associated complications occurred in 10.2% events and there was a 20.2% mortality after transfusion. Mean increase in packed cell volume 24‐hours after transfusion was greater in cats undergoing major cross‐match testing before transfusion (7.2%) versus those that did not (4.0%). Non‐survival was associated with higher packed cell volume before transfusion, low patient body temperature before transfusion, anaemia due to blood loss and number of transfusions administered. Older age of transfused blood units was associated with non‐survival and transfusion‐related complications. Clinical Importance This study was observational and so our analyses were exploratory, but suggest that major cross‐match before transfusion tended to have greater transfusion efficacy and transfusion of older blood products might have detrimental effects on survival.

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Transfusion‐Associated Complications

Cited by 9 publications

References 127 publications

Safety and efficacy of a purified canine immunoglobulin G formulation for treatment of 76 cats clinically affected by the Australian paralysis tick (Ixodes holocyclus)

Safety and efficacy of a purified canine immunoglobulin G formulation for treatment of 76 cats clinically affected by the Australian paralysis tick (Ixodes holocyclus)

In vitro iatrogenic hemolysis of canine packed red blood cells during various rapid transfusion techniques

Exploration of risk factors for non‐survival and for transfusion‐associated complications in cats receiving red cell transfusions: 450 cases (2009 to 2017)

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