Transfusion transmissible viral infections among potential blood donors in Ibadan, Nigeria

Abstract

It is evident that proper screening procedures prior blood transfusion is a cost-effective approach for prevention and control of transfusion-transmissible infections (TTIs). Also, it has been documented that sub-standard test kits are mostly used in resource limited settings for transfusion related diagnosis. However, the role of such practice in epidemiology of transfusion transmissible viral infections in a tertiary health care facility would give an insight to the rates of blood transfusion associated viral transmission in the community at large. Therefore, the study was designed to determine the prevalence of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C viruses among blood donors in a tertiary hospital where quality diagnostic procedures are considered prior recruitment of donors. Post ethical approval, counselled and consenting 507(M= 426; F=81) aged 19 to 68 years (Median age:39) potential blood donors were recruited and tested for HIV, HBsAg and anti-HCV using commercial ELISA testkit in strict compliance with the manufacturer'sprocedures. Overall results show rates of 2.0%, 5.9% and 1.4% for HIV, HBsAg and HCV respectively. Also, highest prevalence rates were recorded among age group 26 to 35 years as 2.6%, 7.2% and 2.1% for HIV, HBV and HCV respectively. Furthermore, higher prevalences rates were noted among unmarried individuals as 2.6%, 6.8% and 2.1% for HIV, HBV and HCV respectively.

Prevalence and associated risk factors of Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C virus among volunteer blood donors in Arba Minch Blood Bank SNNPR, Ethiopia

“…When the finding of this study compare with similar study in other countries, higher study reported from south Dar Fur 0.65% (Abou et al, 2009), Kano Nigeria 1.8% (Nwankwo et al, 2012), Ibadan Nigeria 1.4% (Afolabi et al, 2013), Akura Nigeria 2.1% (Shittu et al, 2014), Quång Trị, Vietnam 51.7% (Viet et al, 2015), Kathmandu Nepal 0.64% (Shrestha et al, 2009), Babylon Iraq 0.5% (Al-Juboury et al, 2010), Jordan 0.9% (Al-Gani, 2011),Gujarat India 0.074% (Dhruva et al, 2014), and Aden city Yemen1.3% (Al-Waleedi and Khader, 2012). Genetic diversity, socio-cultural condition may be possible factors.…”

“…When the finding of this study compare with similar study in other countries, higher study reported from south Dar fur 6.25% (Abou et al, 2009), Tete Mozambique 10.6% (Stokx et al, 2011), kano Nigeria 11.1% (Nwankwo et al, 2012), Ibadan Nigeria 5.9% (Afolabi et al, 2013), Akure Nigeria 7.4% (Shittu et al, 2014), Quång Trị, Vietnam 11.1% (Viet et al, 2015). 16-3.19 Lower finding was also reported from Kathmandu Nepal 0.47% (Shrestha et al, 2009), Babylon Iraq 0.7% (Al-Juboury et al, 2010), Jordan 1.4% (Al-Gani, 2011), Gujarat India 0.68%, (Dhruva et al, 2014).…”

Trends in transfusion‐transmissible infections in potential donors in a specialist hospital in Rivers State

“…This was the most prevalent TTI in this study. This is similar to findings from other studies in Nigeria and other developing countries like India and Pakistan . It is however different from a study from Bida in west‐central Nigeria which had HIV being the most prevalent and Mozambique where syphilis was most prevalent .…”

HIV P24 antigen among HIV antibody seronegative blood donors in Osogbo Osun State, South Western Nigeria

“…2 In University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria, transmission of HIV through infected blood and its products accounts for approximately 62.0%. 3 Blood safety remains an issue of major concern in transfusion medicine in developing countries like Nigeria where national blood transfusion services, appropriate infrastructure, trained personnel and financial resources are inadequate due to poor budgetary allocation to the health sector. Sensitive tests selection will increase blood safety decreasing the window period and this can be achieved with the use of third generation ELISA tests, this will decrease window period by 3 weeks from the previously reported period of 6-8 weeks.…”