Transfusion transmittable infections - Seroprevalence among blood donors in a tertiary care hospital of Delhi

Pathak, Sangeeta; Chandrashekhar, M

doi:10.4103/0973-6247.115566

Cited by 19 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Pallavi et al reported HCV and HIV prevalence of 0.23% and 0.44% among blood donors from Mysore, India, 25 and Pathak et al reported 0.7% and 0.25% of HCV and HIV seroprevalence among blood donors in a tertiary care hospital in Delhi. 26 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Blood-Borne Viral Infections among Blood Donors of Tripura

Bhaumik¹,

Debnath²

2013

Euroasian Journal of Hepato-Gastroenterology

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Background Blood-borne viral infections, like hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), are most common during blood transfusion. Morbidity and mortality resulting from the transfusion of infected blood have far reaching consequences not only for the recipients themselves but also for their families, communities and the wider society.Aims The study was designed to determine the prevalence of HBV, HCV and HIV among voluntary and replacement blood donors of Tripura, India, and to study the trends of HBV, HCV and HIV infections in the population.Materials and methods This study is a retrospective cross-sectional study. The data was collected for consecutive 8 years from 2005 to 2013. Analyses were done in respect of total blood collection and HBV, HCV and HIV infections among the donors.Results Among all donors, 91.8% was voluntary donors and 8.2% was replacement donors. The average HBV, HCV and HIV positivity was 1.2% (95% CI: 1.155-1.255), 0.109% (95% CI: 0.0950.125) and 0.093% (95% CI: 0.080-0.108) respectively. Among these, HBV seropositivity was 1.19% among voluntary donors and 1.33% among replacement donors and, in case of HCV and HIV, the seropositivity among voluntary and replacement donors were 0.109%, 0.11% and 0.089%, 0.145% respectively. HBV positivity was reduced in 8 years, whereas those of HCV and HIV remain unchanged.Conclusion The most important observation of this study is gradual decrease in prevalence of HBV (p = 0.0018), whereas change in prevalence of HCV and HIV was not statistically significant. This might be due to mass hepatitis B vaccination program in Tripura.How to cite this article: Bhaumik P, Debnath K. Prevalence of Blood-Borne Viral Infections among Blood Donors of Tripura. Euroasian J Hepato-Gastroenterol 2014;4(2):79-82.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Blood-Borne Viral Infections among Blood Donors of Tripura

Bhaumik¹,

Debnath²

2013

Euroasian Journal of Hepato-Gastroenterology

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“…In addition to vector transmission, malaria can also be transmitted by blood components, and transfusion-transmitted malaria (TTM) cases, although rare, continue to pose a risk to blood services worldwide [ 6 , 7 ]. TTM is an important public health problem, especially in populations with no immunity to malaria where it can be fatal if not recognized and treated quickly [ 8 ]. Infected blood transfusions directly release malaria parasites into a recipient’s bloodstream triggering the development of high-risk complications and potentially leading to a fatal outcome [ 9 , 10 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of a NAT-based assay to improve the surveillance system and prevent transfusion-transmitted malaria in blood banks

Rocha

Melo

Carneiro

et al. 2020

Malar J

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Background Malaria can be transmitted by blood transfusion through donations collected from asymptomatic donors. Transfusion-transmitted malaria (TTM) poses a great risk to blood services worldwide. A good screening tool for Plasmodium spp. detection in blood banks must have a high sensitivity for prevention of TTM. However, in Brazilian blood banks, screening for malaria still relies on microscopy. Methods In Brazil, screening for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV), RNA/DNA for hepatitis C (HCV) and hepatitis B (HBV) viruses is mandatory for every blood donation and uses nucleic acid amplification testing (NAT). The aim of this study was to evaluate the inclusion of an assay for malaria to identify Plasmodium sp. from total nucleic acid (TNA; DNA/RNA) by targeting the 18S rRNA gene of the parasite. Results Considering the limitations of microscopy and the wide availability of the Brazilian NAT platform in the screening of blood units for HIV, HCV, and HBV, a molecular diagnostic tool was validated for detection of Plasmodium sp. in blood banks; a pilot study showed that using this novel NAT assay could reduce the risk of TTM. Conclusion The prototype HIV/HCV/HBV/malaria NAT assay was effective in detecting infected candidate donors and has good prospects to be applied in routine screening for preventing TTM.

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“… with WHO standard 98–750 with similar 95% LOD to standard 97–656 were used. The risk days have been calculated for pool sizes relevant to the blood screening tests practiced in a few representative countries .…”

Section: Screening Sensitivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Nucleic Acid Technology (NAT) testing for blood screening: impact of individual donation and Mini Pool – NAT testing on analytical sensitivity, screening sensitivity and clinical sensitivity

Shyamala

2014

ISBT Science Series

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Globally, in a number of countries the donated blood is screened for serology markers for the Human immunodeficiency diseases-1/2, the Hepatitis C virus (HCV), and the Hepatitis B virus (HBV). Several medium human development index (HDI) countries with reasonably high percentage of transfusion transmitted infections (TTI) are evaluating nucleic acid technology (NAT) assays to detect these viruses. Serology assays are performed on individual samples, while NAT is performed on either the individual donation (ID) or on a wide array of minipool (MP)-NAT testing formats. The limit of detection of ID-NAT assays equals the analytical sensitivity and that of pool testing reflects the pool size dependent decreased sensitivity also known as screening sensitivity. To many end users, it is not obvious that pool testing will have less sensitivity. In this review, mathematically predicted pool size dependent increase in risk days which is applicable to assays of all technologies is substantiated with published experimental results with NAT standards, clinical NAT only detected yields and detection misses by MP-NAT. In the second half, the blood banking system in India, the donor base, and the variables in serology testing are discussed to explain the wide range of reported NAT yields at 1/300 to 1/17 753. Currently, NAT is not mandated in India, and the cost-benefit value of NAT is being seriously debated. As <5 IU/ml of HIV-1 and HBV have resulted in TTIs, and nearly 83% of the HBV NAT yields in India have <20 IU/ml viral load, the most sensitive assay in the most sensitive format needs to be practiced to ensure maximum blood safety.

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Transfusion transmittable infections - Seroprevalence among blood donors in a tertiary care hospital of Delhi

Cited by 19 publications

References 5 publications

Prevalence of Blood-Borne Viral Infections among Blood Donors of Tripura

Prevalence of Blood-Borne Viral Infections among Blood Donors of Tripura

Use of a NAT-based assay to improve the surveillance system and prevent transfusion-transmitted malaria in blood banks

Nucleic Acid Technology (NAT) testing for blood screening: impact of individual donation and Mini Pool – NAT testing on analytical sensitivity, screening sensitivity and clinical sensitivity

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