Transgenerational seasonal timer for suppression of sexual morph production in the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum

Matsuda, Naoki; Kanbe, Takashi; Akimoto, Shin‐ichi; Numata, Hideharu

doi:10.1016/j.jinsphys.2017.06.008

Cited by 33 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…The photoperiodic response was then fully restored, the short-day treatment inducing oviparae that, in turn, produced diapause eggs. A similar transgenerational timer has been recorded in the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum (Matsuda et al, 2017). It is possible that mechanisms preventing a maladaptive diapause under spring photoperiods are widespread, particularly at southern latitudes where winter ends whilst daylength is still short.…”

Section: Prevention Of Maladaptive Diapause In the Springsupporting

confidence: 58%

Insect photoperiodism: Seasonal development on a revolving planet

Saunders¹

2020

Eur. J. Entomol.

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This review starts by comparing photoperiodic diapause with non-photoperiodic quiescence in four representative species, paying particular attention to overwintering in Drosophila melanogaster. In the second part it describes dormancy strategies of insects from the equator to the polar regions, addressing topics such as the role of the circadian system in photoperiodic time measurement, latitudinal clines in diapause-related traits, hourglass-like photoperiodic clocks based on dampening circadian oscillators, and the dormancy strategies of insects close to the equator or at high latitudes where seasonal changes in photoperiod are unreliable or absent. * Note: When reviewing early papers or more general accounts of photoperiodism, the terms daylength, short days, long days, critical daylength (CDL) etc are used (probably because we humans are a day-active species). In later examples, where duration of the dark phase of the daily cycle has been shown to be more important, references are made to nightlength (critical nightlength, CNL etc), hopefully without causing confusion.

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Section: Prevention Of Maladaptive Diapause In the Springsupporting

confidence: 58%

Insect photoperiodism: Seasonal development on a revolving planet

Saunders¹

2020

Eur. J. Entomol.

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“…However, while A. pisum may be an important sap-feeding pest model, very little is known about its nymphal development compared to insect models that belong to other insect orders. Previous developmental studies in A. pisum have primarily focused on polyphenisms observed in the adult life stages; male vs. female, alate vs. apterous morphs, and sexual vs. asexual reproduction [4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16]. While understanding the development of these polyphenisms is extremely important in aphids, having a deeper understanding of nymphal development is also important because while these phenotypes are visible in adult life stages, patterning and fate specification occur during embryonic and nymphal life stages.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Different Diets and Transgenerational Stress on Acyrthosiphon pisum Development

Pers

Hansen

2019

Insects

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Despite the fact that sap-feeding hemipterans are major agricultural pests, little is known about the pea aphid’s (Acyrthosiphon pisum) nymphal development, compared to other insect models. Given our limited understanding of A. pisum nymphal development and variability in the naming/timing of its developmental events between different environmental conditions and studies, here, we address developmental knowledge gaps by elucidating how diet impacts A. pisum nymphal development for the LSR1 strain when it develops on its universal host plant (Vicia faba), isolated leaves, and artificial diet. Moreover, we test how plant age and transgenerational stressors, such as overcrowding and low plant vigor, can affect nymphal development. We also validate a morphological method to quickly confirm the life stage of each nymphal instar within a mixed population. Overall, we found extremely high variation in the timing of developmental events and a significant delay in nymphal (~5–25-h/instar) and pre-reproductive adult (~40-h) development when reared on isolated leaves and artificial diets, compared to intact host plants. Also, delays in development were observed when reared on older host plants (~9–17-h/event, post 2nd instar) or when previous generations were exposed to overcrowding on host plants (~20-h delay in nymph laying) compared to controls.

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“…Viviparous insects were maintained on young, broad bean plants ( Vicia faba L.) in a 16 °C incubator, with a photoperiod of 16 h light:8 h dark (long-day conditions). Sexual morphs (oviparous females and males) were induced by short-day conditions (e.g., 8 h light:16 h dark) (Figure 2, S1, modified from [58, 60, 61] ). Viviparous females were randomly selected from the synchronized source populations and reared on young broad bean plants at 16 °C under long-day conditions.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ploidy dynamics in aphid host cells harboring bacterial symbionts

Nozaki

Shigenobu

2021

Preprint

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Aphids have evolved bacteriocytes or symbiotic host cells that harbor the obligate mutualistic bacterium Buchnera aphidicola. Because of the large cell size (approximately 100 μm in diameter) of bacteriocytes and their pivotal role in nutritional symbiosis, researchers have considered that these cells are highly polyploid and assumed that bacteriocyte polyploidy may be essential for the symbiotic relationship between the aphid and the bacterium. However, little is known about the ploidy levels and dynamics of aphid bacteriocytes. Here, we quantitatively analyzed the ploidy levels in the bacteriocytes of the pea-aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum. Image-based fluorometry revealed the hyper polyploidy of the bacteriocytes ranging from 16- to 256-ploidy throughout the lifecycle. Bacteriocytes of adult parthenogenetic viviparous females were mainly 64-128C DNA levels, while those of sexual morphs (oviparous females and males) were consisted of 64C, and 32-64C cells, respectively. During post-embryonic development of viviparous females, the ploidy level of bacteriocytes increased substantially, from 16-32C at birth to 128-256C in actively reproducing adults. These results suggest that the ploidy levels are dynamically regulated among phenotypes and during development. Our comprehensive and quantitative data provides a foundation for future studies to understand the functional roles and biological significance of the polyploidy of insect bacteriocytes.

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Transgenerational seasonal timer for suppression of sexual morph production in the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum

Cited by 33 publications

References 43 publications

Insect photoperiodism: Seasonal development on a revolving planet

Insect photoperiodism: Seasonal development on a revolving planet

The Effects of Different Diets and Transgenerational Stress on Acyrthosiphon pisum Development

Ploidy dynamics in aphid host cells harboring bacterial symbionts

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