Transgenic Mice Overexpressing the Prolactin Gene Develop Dramatic Enlargement of the Prostate Gland

Wennbo, Håkan; Kindblom, Jenny M; Isaksson, Olle; Törnell, Jan

doi:10.1097/00005392-199804000-00105

Cited by 43 publications

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“…Interestingly, macroprolactin, which lacks normal prolactin activity, has been shown to stimulate the growth of lymphoma cell lines. 29 Previous experimental studies have demonstrated that hyperprolactinaemia stimulates growth of the normal mouse prostate 9 and prostate tumour implants. 2,3,5 In humans, prolactin receptors are present on epithelial cells in the prostate, and the concentration is particularly high in pre-cancerous epithelial lesions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3,4 In vivo studies have consistently shown that hyperprolactinaemia induces prostate proliferation [5][6][7] and differentiation 8 in the rat prostate, and prolactin stimulated growth of the Dunning R3327 PAP tumour. 5 Wennbo et al 9 showed in a transgenic mouse model that mice over-expressing prolactin had a 20-fold increase in prostate weight compared with control animals. Furthermore, the development of inflammation 10 and dysplasia 11 of the prostate in rats chronically treated with androgen and oestrogen combinations is mediated by increased plasma prolactin.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Plasma prolactin and prostate cancer risk: A prospective study

Stattin¹,

Rinaldi²,

Stenman³

et al. 2001

Int. J. Cancer

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Prolactin, a pituitary peptide hormone with multiple effects, stimulates prostate growth in experimental models. In humans, prolactin receptors are present in the prostate and are particularly abundant in pre-cancerous lesions. This suggests that prolactin could also be involved in the development of prostate cancer. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that elevated levels of circulating prolactin are associated with an increase in prostate cancer risk. We conducted a case-control study nested within the Northern Sweden Health and Disease Cohort using plasma samples collected from 29,560 men at a health survey. We measured prolactin in plasma from 144 men who had a diagnosis of prostate cancer after a median follow-up time of 4 years after health survey and from 289 controls matched for age and date of recruitment. Risk was not associated with plasma prolactin levels in univariate regression analysis. Odds ratios of prostate cancer for increasing quartiles of prolactin were 1.0, 0.92 (95% CI 0.51-1.65), 0.82 (0.45-1.51) and 0.85 (0.49 -1.47). Relative risk estimates remained unchanged after adjustments for height and weight or for plasma levels of testosterone, sex hormone-binding globulin, Prolactin, a pituitary peptide hormone, stimulates prostate growth in experimental studies. In vitro, prolactin induces proliferation and antagonises apoptosis in prostate organ culture 1 and in some tumour cell lines 2,3 but not in others. 3,4 In vivo studies have consistently shown that hyperprolactinaemia induces prostate proliferation 5-7 and differentiation 8 in the rat prostate, and prolactin stimulated growth of the Dunning R3327 PAP tumour. 5 Wennbo et al. 9 showed in a transgenic mouse model that mice over-expressing prolactin had a 20-fold increase in prostate weight compared with control animals. Furthermore, the development of inflammation 10 and dysplasia 11 of the prostate in rats chronically treated with androgen and oestrogen combinations is mediated by increased plasma prolactin.In humans, receptors for prolactin are expressed in the prostate, 1 and the expression is particularly elevated in high-grade prostate intra-epithelial cell neoplasia (PIN), a precursor of prostate cancer. 12 Local production of prolactin has also been demonstrated in the prostate. 1 Plasma prolactin rises sharply at puberty and continues to increase in parallel with the age-related increase seen in the incidence of benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer. 13 Collectively, these experimental and chronobiological results suggest that increased levels of circulating prolactin induce prostate growth and possibly prostate tumour growth. However, epidemiological data concerning prolactin and prostate cancer are sparse and inconclusive: several small case-control studies 14 -17 and 2 prospective cohort studies 18,19 have not shown a consistent association between circulating prolactin concentrations and prostate cancer risk. To further investigate the relationship between circulating prolactin levels and prostate cancer dev...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasma prolactin and prostate cancer risk: A prospective study

Stattin¹,

Rinaldi²,

Stenman³

et al. 2001

Int. J. Cancer

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“…45 Kitsberg and Leder 46 found a common signaling pathway, the MMTV-kgf(fgf7)-induced hyperplasia that had the morphologic characteristics of that seen in MMTVint-2 mice. In the same way, Wennbo and his team 47 addressed the question whether overexpression of prolactin (PRL) is of importance for the development of prostatic hyperplasia. The PRL-transgenic mice developed a 4 ± 5-fold increase of the number of cells and enlagement of the prostate gland to 20 times the normal weight.…”

Section: Xenograft Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Models for studying benign prostatic hyperplasia

Mahapokai

Sluijs

Schalken

2000

Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis

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Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is one of the most common diseases affecting aging man. Attempts have been made to clarify the etiology and pathogenesis and, to that end, experimental models have been developed. To date, in vitro and in vivo models have been used, depending on the concept of the study. Spontaneous animal models are limited to the chimpanzee and the dog. Ethical and ®nancial factors restrict the applicability of these models. The hormonalinduced canine BPH model is a good alternative that closely resembles human BPH in many aspects. The experimental models currently used for studying BPH are reviewed. Prostate Cancer and Prostatic Diseases (2000) 3, 28±33.

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“…In addition to the influence of steroid hormones, the action of nonsteroid hormones on the prostate is a potential field of interest, as a relationship between levels of prolactin (PL) and the increase of prostate pathology in men (Bartke, 2004) and rats (Wennbo et al, 1997;Kindblom et al, 2003) has been observed. Moreover, PL stimulates the androgen-independent growth of rat prostate cells in vitro (Ahonen et al, 1999).…”

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Effect of Prolactin on the Population of Epithelial Cells From Ventral Prostate of Intact and Cyproterone Acetate‐Treated Peripubertal Rats: Stereological and Immunohistochemical Study

Gómez

Ingelmo

Martı́n

et al. 2009

The Anatomical Record

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The interactions between steroid and nonsteroid hormones in the prostate are of special interest during the growth phase of the gland. The purpose of this work is to study the influence of prolactin (PL), with or without androgenic blockade, on epithelial cells from peripubertal rat ventral prostate. Twenty male peripubertal Sprague-Dawley rats were grouped as controls, or treated with cyproterone acetate (CA), CA plus PL (CA-PL), or PL. The total number (N total) of epithelial cells, and their labeling indices to proliferative cell nuclear antigen (LI PCNA), apoptosis (LI apoptosis) and androgen receptors (LI AR) were measured. CA and PL treatment significantly decrease the N total, but the LI PCNA was unchanged. We have observed a greater LI apoptosis in pharmacologically castrated animals without PL than in the rats with androgenic blockade with PL. The LI AR does not change with CA treatment in the ventral region, but the PL significantly increases it. Androgenic blockade and PL decrease the number of epithelial cells from the ventral prostate. These changes are not attributable to the decrease of cell proliferation, rather to the increase of epithelial apoptosis. The increase of cells expressing AR after treatment with PL might be attributed to the decrease of testosterone secretion caused by the hyperprolactinemia. PL does not modulate the size of the ventral prostate in prepubertal rats. Anat Rec, 292:746-755, 2009. V V C 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

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Transgenic Mice Overexpressing the Prolactin Gene Develop Dramatic Enlargement of the Prostate Gland

Cited by 43 publications

References 1 publication

Plasma prolactin and prostate cancer risk: A prospective study

Plasma prolactin and prostate cancer risk: A prospective study

Models for studying benign prostatic hyperplasia

Effect of Prolactin on the Population of Epithelial Cells From Ventral Prostate of Intact and Cyproterone Acetate‐Treated Peripubertal Rats: Stereological and Immunohistochemical Study

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