Transient Expression of Acetylcholinesterase in the Posterior Ventral Cochlear Nucleus of Rat Brain

Morley, Barbara J.; Warr, W. Bruce; Rodriguez-Sierra, Jorge F.

doi:10.1007/s10162-004-5015-4

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 48 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Right around hearing onset, between P3 and P12, these neurons receive abundant cholinergic inputs, acetylcholine esterase levels are elevated and α7‐containing nAChRs are found in this region during the same time period (Morley et al . ). This indicates that nicotine might regulate activity levels in octopus cells which could lead to aberrant synaptic development at its output, the excitatory synapses in the VNLL (Happe & Morley, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Perinatal nicotine exposure impairs the maturation of glutamatergic inputs in the auditory brainstem

Baumann

Koch

2017

The Journal of Physiology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Key pointsr Chronic perinatal nicotine exposure causes abnormal auditory brainstem responses and auditory processing deficits in children and animal models.r The effect of perinatal nicotine exposure on synaptic maturation in the auditory brainstem was investigated in granule cells in the ventral nucleus of the lateral lemniscus, which receive a single calyx-like input from the cochlear nucleus.r Perinatal nicotine exposure caused a massive reduction in the amplitude of the excitatory input current.r This caused a profound decrease in the number and temporal precision of spikes in these neurons.r Perinatal nicotine exposure delayed the developmental downregulation of functional nicotinic acetylcholine receptors on these neurons.Abstract Maternal smoking causes chronic nicotine exposure during early development and results in auditory processing deficits including delayed speech development and learning difficulties. Using a mouse model of chronic, perinatal nicotine exposure we explored to what extent synaptic inputs to granule cells in the ventral nucleus of the lateral lemniscus are affected by developmental nicotine treatment. These neurons receive one large calyx-like input from octopus cells in the cochlear nucleus and play a role in sound pattern analysis, including speech sounds. In addition, they exhibit high levels of α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, especially during early development. Our whole-cell patch-clamp experiments show that perinatal nicotine exposure causes a profound reduction in synaptic input amplitude. In contrast, the number of inputs innervating each neuron and synaptic release properties of this calyx-like synapse remained unaltered. Spike number and spiking precision in response to synaptic stimulation were greatly diminished, especially for later stimuli during a stimulus train. Moreover, chronic nicotine exposure delayed the developmental downregulation of functional nicotinic acetylcholine receptors on these neurons, indicating a direct action of nicotine in this brain area. This presumably direct effect of perinatal nicotine exposure on synaptic maturation in the auditory brainstem might be one of the underlying causes for auditory processing difficulties in children of heavy smoking mothers.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Perinatal nicotine exposure impairs the maturation of glutamatergic inputs in the auditory brainstem

Baumann

Koch

2017

The Journal of Physiology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Plasticity is likely to be important in normal development and aging as well as in response to injury (Holt et al, 2005; Morley and Happe, 2000; Morley et al, 2004; Raza et al, 1994). It may be particularly relevant that PMT cholinergic cells are capable of generating nitric oxide, a gaseous molecule implicated in neuronal excitability and plasticity, which may be a factor at some or all of the cholinergic PMT terminals (Steinert et al, 2010; Vincent, 2000).…”

Section: Future Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cholinergic cells of the pontomesencephalic tegmentum: Connections with auditory structures from cochlear nucleus to cortex

2011

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Acetylcholine (ACh) is a neuromodulator that is likely to play a role in plasticity as well as other phenomena at many sites in the auditory system. The auditory cortex receives cholinergic innervation from the basal forebrain, whereas the cochlea receives cholinergic innervation from the superior olivary complex. Much of the remainder of the auditory pathways receives innervation from the pedunculopontine and laterodorsal tegmental nuclei, two nuclei referred to collectively as the pontomesencephalic tegmentum (PMT). The PMT provides the major source of ACh to the auditory thalamus and the midbrain, and is a substantial source (in addition to the superior olivary complex) of ACh in the cochlear nucleus. Individual cholinergic cells in the PMT often have axon branches that innervate multiple auditory nuclei, including nuclei on both sides of the brain as well as nuclei at multiple levels of the auditory system. The auditory cortex has direct axonal projections to the PMT cells, including cholinergic cells that project to the inferior colliculus or cochlear nucleus. The divergent projections of PMT cholinergic cells suggest widespread effects on the auditory pathways. These effects are likely to include plasticity as well as novelty detection, sensory gating, reward behavior, arousal and attention. Descending projections from the forebrain, including the auditory cortex, are likely to provide a high level of cognitive input to these cholinergic effects. Dysfunction associated with the cholinergic system may play a role in disorders such as tinnitus and schizophrenia.

show abstract

“…Nevertheless, the evidence suggests that ACh in the CN plays a role both in normal processing and in some pathological conditions. In fact, ACh has been implicated in changes associated with development and aging as well as with acoustic trauma (e.g., Morley and Happe, 2000; Morley et al, 2004; Meidinger et al, 2006). Identifying all the sources of the cholinergic innervation is an essential step toward understanding the roles of ACh in the CN.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple origins of cholinergic innervation of the cochlear nucleus

2011

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Acetylcholine affects a variety of cell types in the cochlear nucleus (CN) and is likely to play a role in numerous functions. Previous work in rats suggested that the acetylcholine arises from cells in the superior olivary complex, including cells that have axonal branches that innervate both the CN and the cochlea (i.e., olivocochlear cells) as well as cells that innervate only the CN. We combined retrograde tracing with immunohistochemistry for choline acetyltransferase to identify the source of ACh in the CN of guinea pigs. The results confirm a projection from cholinergic cells in the superior olivary complex to the CN. In addition, we identified a substantial number of cholinergic cells in the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus (PPT) and the laterodorsal tegmental nucleus (LDT) that project to the CN. On average, the PPT and LDT together contained about 26% of the cholinergic cells that project to CN, whereas the superior olivary complex contained about 74%. A small number of additional cholinergic cells were located in other areas, including the parabrachial nuclei.The results highlight a substantial cholinergic projection from the pontomesencephalic tegmentum (PPT and LDT) in addition to a larger projection from the superior olivary complex. These different sources of cholinergic projections to the CN are likely to serve different functions. Projections from the superior olivary complex are likely to serve a feedback role, and may be closely tied to olivocochlear functions. Projections from the pontomesencephalic tegmentum may play a role in such things as arousal and sensory gating. Projections from each of these areas, and perhaps even the smaller sources of cholinergic inputs, may be important in conditions such as tinnitus as well as in normal acoustic processing. Keywordsarousal; sensory gating; tinnitus; olivocochlear; pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus; laterodorsal tegmental nucleus Cholinergic innervation of the cochlear nucleus (CN) has been demonstrated by many methods, including physiology, receptor binding, enzyme assays, histochemistry and Correspondence: Brett R. Schofield, PhD, NEOUCOM, Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, PO Box 95, Rootstown, OH 44272 USA,, bschofie@neoucom.edu; Jeffrey G. Mellott, PhD, Address: as above, jmellott@neoucom.edu; Susan D. Motts, PhD, Address: as above, smotts@neoucom.edu. Publisher's Disclaimer: This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final citable form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. NIH Public Access Author ManuscriptNeuroscience. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2012 April 28. and Whitfield, 1968;Caspary et al., 1983;Osen et al., 1984;Godfrey et al., 1987Godfrey ...

show abstract

Transient Expression of Acetylcholinesterase in the Posterior Ventral Cochlear Nucleus of Rat Brain

Cited by 8 publications

References 48 publications

Perinatal nicotine exposure impairs the maturation of glutamatergic inputs in the auditory brainstem

Perinatal nicotine exposure impairs the maturation of glutamatergic inputs in the auditory brainstem

Cholinergic cells of the pontomesencephalic tegmentum: Connections with auditory structures from cochlear nucleus to cortex

Multiple origins of cholinergic innervation of the cochlear nucleus

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About