Transient Inclusion Evolution during RH Degassing

Yang, Guangwei; Wang, Xinhua; Huang, Fuxiang; Wang, Wanjun; Yin, Yuqun

doi:10.1002/srin.201300030

Cited by 30 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Zhou et al 41) considered the generation of liquid film is mainly related to the wettability of inclusions. Yoshioka et al 118) and Wang et al 130,131) also support that the wettability of inclusions influences their separation behaviors. Table 6 lists the contact angle between oxide inclusions and liquid steel.…”

Section: Separation Of Spinel Inclusions At Steel-slag Interfacementioning

confidence: 86%

“…Reis et al 129) pointed out that the removal efficiency of inclusions was closely related to the fraction of solid inclusions. Wang et al [130][131][132] also found that solid inclusions are easier to be removed during RH treatment in contrast to liquid inclusions.…”

Section: Separation Of Spinel Inclusions At Steel-slag Interfacementioning

confidence: 98%

“…Note that this tendency was not occasional, because this was confirmed in different steel plants by the present authors. Recently, some investigators 118,[129][130][131][132] also noted the removal difference between solid and liquid inclusions. Reis et al 129) pointed out that the removal efficiency of inclusions was closely related to the fraction of solid inclusions.…”

Section: Separation Of Spinel Inclusions At Steel-slag Interfacementioning

confidence: 99%

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Formation, Evolution and Removal of MgO·Al2O3 Spinel Inclusions in Steel

et al. 2021

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MgO•Al 2 O 3 spinel inclusions are generally found in steel, and required be controlled during steelmaking process due to the influences on continuous casting and the quality of final products. The present review aims to give an overall picture on the formation, evolution and removal of spinel inclusions. In this review, the reported formation mechanisms are reclassified, and the effects of Ca, Ti and Mn as well as rare earth on the evolution of spinel inclusions are summarized. Different methods with thermodynamic data sheets are also introduced for the calculation of phase stability diagram. To explain the evolution route of inclusions in industry, the sources and the formation kinetics of dissolved Mg and Ca are discussed. In addition, the agglomeration, separation and dissolution behaviors of spinel inclusions are considered, and the advantages of spinel inclusions are also addressed. Based on literature survey, some suggestions on the control of inclusions are given as well.

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Section: Separation Of Spinel Inclusions At Steel-slag Interfacementioning

confidence: 86%

Section: Separation Of Spinel Inclusions At Steel-slag Interfacementioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Separation Of Spinel Inclusions At Steel-slag Interfacementioning

confidence: 99%

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Formation, Evolution and Removal of MgO·Al2O3 Spinel Inclusions in Steel

et al. 2021

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“…The secondary refining process is considered to be the main place for the removal of inclusions in molten steel, and the percentage of inclusions removed accounts for more than 70% [34]. Recently, to improve the cleanliness of molten steel, reducing the number of endogenous inclusions, improving the removal efficiency of inclusions and lessening the external inclusions caused by the reoxidation are dominant ways during the RH refining process.…”

Section: Influence Of Process Parameters On the Cleanliness Of Molten...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of Inclusions and Cleanliness in Ti-Bearing IF Steel Produced via the BOF–LF–RH–CC Process

Yuan

Liu

Zeng³

et al. 2022

Metals

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Owing to the insufficient converter heat, IF steel is produced via the BOF–LF–RH–CC process in Pangang Group Xichang Steel and Vanadium Co., Ltd. To clarify the evolution of inclusions and the control strategy to improve the cleanliness of molten steel in Ti-bearing IF steel produced via the long process, scanning electron microscopy with energy spectroscopy analysis and automatic scanning electron microscopy were employed to analyze the number, size, type and morphology of inclusions in IF steel from RH to tundish. The results show that the characteristics of inclusions are similar in two heats during RH treatment. In the tundish sample of Heat 2, the number density (ND) and area fraction (AF) of Al2O3 and Al2O3·TiOx inclusions increase significantly, and the size of Al2O3 inclusions decreases obviously, which is closely related to the serious reoxidation of molten steel caused by the slag with high oxidability during the holding process. Meanwhile, a new method of determining the number of cluster inclusions is used to evaluate the cleanliness of IF steel in this paper, and the obtained number of inclusion clusters is consistent with the trend of ND and AF of inclusions. The effects of reoxidation on the morphology, number and other indexes of Al2O3 and Al2O3·TiOx inclusions are discussed in detail, and there are two ways of forming Al2O3·TiOx inclusions in the case of serious reoxidation. To weaken the reoxidation process and enhance the cleanliness of IF steel produced via the long process, reducing the oxygen content in molten steel before Al deoxidation, minimizing the holding time and reducing the oxidability of slag after RH are helpful.

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“…The disadvantage is that the dissolution takes a long time. Aspex adopts the integrated design of electron microscope and energy spectrum, controls the electron microscope and energy spectrum to realize automatic scanning of inclusions and synchronous analysis of chemical components [12]. The sample preparation and the observation surface of Aspex are the same as that of the metallographic observation method and thus also have the same disadvantages as that of the metallographic observation method.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative Examination of the Inclusion and the Rotated Bending Fatigue Behavior of SAE52100

Shi

et al. 2021

Metals

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This study investigated the effect of maximum inclusion on the life of SAE52100 bearing steel processed by two different melting routes, vacuum induction melting plus electroslag remelting (VIM + ESR), and basic oxygen furnace plus ladle furnace plus vacuum degassing process (BOF + LF + RH) by the metallographic method, Aspex explorer, and rotated bending fatigue test. The rotated bending method was applied to examine the maximum inclusion size in a satisfactory manner, whereas both the metallographic method and Aspex explorer underestimated the result. Regardless of the characterization methods, the results show that the total number of inclusions in VIM + ESR melted steel is significantly higher than that in BOF + LF + RH processed steel, but the maximum inclusion size of VIM + ESR melted steel is significantly smaller than that of the BOF + LF + RH degassed steel. The distribution of the maximum inclusion size could be well fitted by the inverse Weibull distribution and could be well applied to reveal the different inclusion size distribution based on the data examined by the rotated bending fatigue method. Finally, a new equation was proposed to establish the relationship among the loading stress amplitude, rotated bending fatigue number, and the maximum inclusion size.

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Transient Inclusion Evolution during RH Degassing

Cited by 30 publications

References 10 publications

Formation, Evolution and Removal of MgO·Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> Spinel Inclusions in Steel

Formation, Evolution and Removal of MgO·Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> Spinel Inclusions in Steel

Evolution of Inclusions and Cleanliness in Ti-Bearing IF Steel Produced via the BOF–LF–RH–CC Process

Quantitative Examination of the Inclusion and the Rotated Bending Fatigue Behavior of SAE52100

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