Transient Mathematical Model of Blast Furnace Based on Multi-fluid Concept, with Application to High PCI Operation.

Castro, José Adilson de; Nogami, Hiroshi; Yagi, Jun‐ichiro

doi:10.2355/isijinternational.40.637

Cited by 84 publications

(77 citation statements)

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“…The operating conditions used in this simulation are summarized in Tables 1, 2 and 3 for the threecases respectively. Three cases were presented for a furnace of inner volume 4 550 m 3 . The figures are all drawn to the same scale.…”

Section: Validation Of the Present Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical Analysis of Static Holdup of Fine Particles in Blast Furnace

2004

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Section: Validation Of the Present Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical Analysis of Static Holdup of Fine Particles in Blast Furnace

2004

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“…On the other hand, it is also noted that the powder flow pattern has not been affected much by F l f , which explains why reasonable results can still be obtained even the liquid-powder interaction force was ignored in other studies. 38,134) Recently, attempts have also been made to model the gas-liquid-solid flow in BF hearth, where the effects of coke free zone, 85) natural convection and turbulent model 86,88) are investigated. Mathematical models have also been extended to identify the interface between slag and hot metal, 90) and establish the interrelationships between operation parameter, hearth condition and drainage behaviour.…”

Section: Simulation Of the Multiphase Flowmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1) Since the 1990s, significant progress has been made in this area, mainly due to improved computational capability. These developments include: i) inclusion of more phases 38,134) and more chemical species and chemical reactions 135) in the BF modelling; ii) development of models to take into account the dynamic and static holdups for liquid and powder phases 108,126,136) ; and iii) implementation of more comprehensive models, e.g. three-dimensional steady 137) or transient 26,138) model.…”

Section: Process Simulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…26,109,134,[139][140][141][142][143][144][145] For example, in order to reduce carbon emission and improve the utilization of top gas, different top gas recycling methods can be used, such as simple replacement of normal blast gases with recycled top gas, oxygen enriched blast replacement, and hot reducing gas replacement (HGR) where CO 2 has been removed from recycled top gas. 139) Some calculated solid temperature fields under different conditions are shown in Fig.…”

Section: Process Simulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modelling of Multiphase Flow in a Blast Furnace: Recent Developments and Future Work

et al. 2007

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An ironmaking blast furnace is a complex multiphase flow reactor involving gas, powder, liquid and solid phases. Understanding the flow behaviour of these phases is of paramount importance to the control and optimization of the process. Mathematical modelling, often coupled with physical modelling, plays an important role in this development. Yagi 1) gave a comprehensive review of the early studies in this area in 1993. Significant progress has since been made, partially driven by the needs in research but mainly as a result of the rapid development of computer and computational technologies. This paper reviews these developments, covering the formulation, validation and application of mathematical models for gas-solid, gas-liquid, gas-powder and multiphase flows. The need for further developments is also discussed.KEY WORDS: ironmaking; blast furnace; multiphase flow; two fluid model; discrete element method. Review development. Mathematical ModellingGenerally speaking, the existing approaches to modelling the multiphase flow in a BF can be classified into two categories: continuum approach at a macroscopic level and discrete approach at a microscopic level. In the continuum approach, phases are generally considered as fully interpenetrating continuum media and described by separate conservation equations with appropriate constitutive relations and interaction terms representing the coupling between phases. The general governing equations are based on the so-called two fluid model (TFM), originally developed for gas-particle flow, [29][30][31] given by:Conservation The so-called Model A and Model B result from the treatment of the fluid pressure. For example, for gas-solid flow, Model A assumes the pressure is shared between the two phases, while in Model B, the pressure is attributed to gas phase only. 31) Model A formulation has been widely used in multiphase modelling, especially in process metallurgy. Model B formulation was recently used in the so called combined continuum and discrete method for coupled flow of continuum fluid and discrete particles. 32) The continuum approach is suitable for process modelling and applied research because of its computational convenience and efficiency. Indeed, most of the BF modelling is based on this approach. However, its effective use heavily depends on constitutive or closure relations and the momentum exchange between phases. For Newtonian fluids (gas and liquid here), these relations can be readily determined. For non-Newtonian fluids such as solids and powder, general theories are not yet available. In the past, various theories have been devised for different flow regimes (three flow regimes have been identified: quasi-static regime, rapid flow regime and a transitional regime that lies inbetween). For example, models have been proposed to derive the constitutive equations for the rate-independent deformation of granular materials based on either the plasticity theory or the double shearing theory; the rapid flow of granular materials has been described by extend...

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“…The continuum approach assumes that all the phases in the furnace behave like a continuum medium and is based on a local average principle. [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21] On the other hand, the discrete method is based on the Newton's second law of motion and is focused on the behavior of each and all individual particles in the system. [22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30] The discrete element method (DEM) is originally developed by Cundall and Strack 31) and is very effective to model granular materials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mathematical Model of Solid Flow Behavior in a Real Dimension Blast Furnace

et al. 2013

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A mathematical model based on the continuum mechanic concept has been developed to describe the profile of solid particles in an industrial scale blast furnace with respect to the in-furnace conditions and its characteristics such as the shape and size of the deadman. The Navier-Stokes differential equation for multi-phase multi-dimensional space has been used to describe the behavior of existing phases. The surface stress tensor has been defined as an extra term and added to the Navier-Stokes equation to describe the particle-particle interactions. This extra term in the Navier-Stokes equation behave as a breaking force when the particles are sliding down. It is shown that the particles change their profile from a V-shape to a W-shape due to the characteristics of the deadman. Moreover, the velocity magnitude is higher at the outer surface of the deadman for higher grid-slabs in this region than the near-wall cells. However, the situation changes as solid particles moving to even lower level of grid-slabs at the outer surface of the deadman in comparison to near-wall cells. It has also been shown that an increase in the magnitude of the effective pressure reduces the velocity magnitude of descending particles.

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Transient Mathematical Model of Blast Furnace Based on Multi-fluid Concept, with Application to High PCI Operation.

Cited by 84 publications

References 9 publications

Numerical Analysis of Static Holdup of Fine Particles in Blast Furnace

Numerical Analysis of Static Holdup of Fine Particles in Blast Furnace

Modelling of Multiphase Flow in a Blast Furnace: Recent Developments and Future Work

Mathematical Model of Solid Flow Behavior in a Real Dimension Blast Furnace

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