Transient Oxygen Clathrate-like Hydrate and Water Networks Induced by Magnetic Fields

Ozeki, Sumio; Otsuka, Ichiro

doi:10.1021/jp0642793

Cited by 33 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…Since the fast component of the kinetics of VO 2 reflects O 2 diffusion from the blood to muscle fibers [15], this observation is consistent with our previous study showing a lower apparent Km of the mitochondria for O 2 in a solution enriched in O 2 by electrolysis, without any change in the Km for ADP in rat permeabilized muscle fibers [10]. The faster diffusion of O 2 to the mitochondria, as well as the trend to faster adjustment of VO 2 at the onset of exercise observed in the present experiment, in turn, is consistent with the hypothesis that the electrolytic process could generate supramolecular water structures, similar to clathrates [12][13][14], which can trap O 2 molecules and could modify the local pressure/content relationship for O 2 .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…However, we have previously studied the effects of a water enriched in O 2 , using an electrolytic process [9][10][11]. When compared to injection of O 2 , this process could generate water superstructures called clathrates, which could trap solutes, such as O 2 , and which can facilitate O 2 diffusion along PO 2 gradients [12][13][14]. This hypothesis is consistent with the higher tissue oxygenation observed in anaesthetized pigs [11] and the higher mitochondrial respiration observed at low PO 2 in permeabilized rat muscle fibers [10] with water enriched by electrolysis vs. injection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Waters Enriched in O2 by Injection or Electrolysis on Performance and the Cardiopulmonary and Acid–Base Response to High Intensity Exercise

et al. 2021

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Several brands of water enriched with O2 (O2-waters) are commercially available and are advertised as wellness and fitness waters with claims of physiological and psychological benefits, including improvement in exercise performance. However, these claims are based, at best, on anecdotal evidence or on a limited number of unreliable studies. The purpose of this double-blind randomized study was to compare the effect of two O2-waters (~110 mg O2·L−1) and a placebo (10 mg O2·L−1, i.e., close to the value at sea level, 9–12 mg O2·L−1) on the cardiopulmonary responses and on performance during high-intensity exercise. One of the two O2-waters and the placebo were prepared by injection of O2. The other O2-water was enriched by an electrolytic process. Twenty male subjects were randomly allocated to drink one of the three waters in a crossover study (2 L·day−1 × 2 days and 15 mL·kg−1 90 min before exercise). During each exercise trial, the subjects exercised at 95.9 ± 4.7% of maximal workload to volitional fatigue. Exercise time to exhaustion and the cardiopulmonary responses, arterial lactate concentration and pH were measured. Oxidative damage to proteins, lipids and DNA in blood was assessed at rest before exercise. Time to exhaustion (one-way ANOVA) and the responses to exercise (two-way ANOVA [Time; Waters] with repeated measurements) were not significantly different among the three waters. There was only a trend (p = 0.060) for a reduction in the time constant of the rapid component of VO2 kinetics with the water enriched in O2 by electrolysis. No difference in oxidative damage in blood was observed between the three waters. These results suggest that O2-water does not speed up cardiopulmonary response to exercise, does not increase performance and does not trigger oxidative stress measured at rest.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Waters Enriched in O2 by Injection or Electrolysis on Performance and the Cardiopulmonary and Acid–Base Response to High Intensity Exercise

et al. 2021

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“…Unfortunately, in this experiment, intravenous administration of water clathrates was associated with transient episodes of fall in oxygen saturation, probably due to pulmonary capillary occlusion because of formation of large bubbles (>50 μm) generated by defects in the delivery system. In the study by Spears,33 O 2 clathrate hydrates were produced at high pressures and low temperatures, but Ozeki and Otsuka have recently shown that these water superstructures can also be generated using a magnetic field8 and they could also be produced by the electrolytic process7 used in the present experiment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…Enrichment in O 2 was obtained by injection of O 2 at high oxygen pressure (PO 2 ) and by an electrolytic process7 (see Methods). It has been suggested that this process of enrichment in O 2 generates water clathrates which are able to trap solutes such as O 2 8–10 and can facilitate O 2 diffusion along PO 2 gradients. A previous study of this O 2 water obtained by electrolytic process shows an improvement of mitochondrial respiration ex vivo, in oxidative saponin-skinned fibers isolated from soleus muscles of rats, for O 2 concentration lower than 150 μmol/L (Zoll et al, unpublished data, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of administration of water enriched in O2 by injection or electrolysis on transcutaneous oxygen pressure in anesthetized pigs

Charton¹,

Péronnet²,

Doutreleau³

et al. 2014

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BackgroundOral administration of oxygenated water has been shown to improve blood oxygenation and could be an alternate way for oxygen (O2) supply. In this experiment, tissue oxygenation was compared in anesthetized pigs receiving a placebo or water enriched in O2 by injection or a new electrolytic process.MethodsForty-two pigs randomized in three groups received either mineral water as placebo or water enriched in O2 by injection or the electrolytic process (10 mL/kg in the stomach). Hemodynamic parameters, partial pressure of oxygen in the arterial blood (PaO2), skin blood flow, and tissue oxygenation (transcutaneous oxygen pressure, or TcPO2) were monitored during 90 minutes of general anesthesia. Absorption and tissue distribution of the three waters administered were assessed using dilution of deuterium oxide.ResultsMean arterial pressure, heart rate, PaO2, arteriovenous oxygen difference, and water absorption from the gut were not significantly different among the three groups. The deuterium to protium ratio was also similar in the plasma, skin, and muscle at the end of the protocol. Skin blood flow decreased in the three groups. TcPO2 slowly decreased over the last 60 minutes of the experiment in the three groups, but when compared to the control group, the values remained significantly higher in animals that received the water enriched in O2 by electrolysis.ConclusionsIn this protocol, water enriched in O2 by electrolysis lessened the decline of peripheral tissue oxygenation. This observation is compatible with the claim that the electrolytic process generates water clathrates which trap O2 and facilitate O2 diffusion along pressure gradients. Potential applications of O2-enriched water include an alternate method of oxygen supply.

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“…Thus, the crystal growth should be slow to make the inner as well as outer surfaces smooth. Moreover, it is known that magnetic fields may interact with water 18 and thus affect crystal formation via hydrated reactants.…”

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confidence: 99%

Magnetic Field Control of Micropore Formation in [Zn₂(Oxac)(Taz)₂]·(H₂O)_x

et al. 2016

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[Zn 2 (Oxac)(Taz) 2 ]¢(H 2 O) x , referred to as ZOTW x , was prepared from aqueous methanol solutions of Zn 5 (CO 3 ) 2 (OH) 6 and two kinds of ligands, 1,2,4-triazole (Taz) and oxalic acid (Oxac), at 453 K under magnetic fields of up to 6 T. The magnetic fields markedly changed the morphology from irregular agglomerates at zero field to rectangular-prism crystals having smooth surfaces at 6 T, although the monoclinic crystal structure was only slightly deformed to a triclinic one. As-synthesized ZOTW x (H) prepared under magnetic fields of H/T ² 2 adsorbed a large amount of N 2 at 77 K in rectangular Type I adsorption isotherms even without the usual pretreatment at 383 K and 1 mPa. It suggests that high magnetic fields induced the formation of hydrophobic micropores having uniform sizes. The hydrophobicity was consistent with the results that the water-assisted micropore formation was depressed in the as-synthesized ZOTW x (H) containing a small amount of water. Porous coordination polymers (PCPs) are a new class of porous crystalline materials that have extremely high porosity and selective adsorptivity for guest molecules.112 Gas storage capacity in PCPs was promoted by introducing open metal sites, 6 increasing the surface area, 7 and modifying pores with functionalized organic linker.8 The gate-controlled adsorption was found that the latent pores of flexible PCPs opened above a critical pressure.4,9 Such flexible PCPs were brought about after desolvation. The amounts of solvent surrounded by the frameworks of PCPs are very important for the formation of latent pores and their flexibility, as well as pore volume and adsorptivity.We found a new route for micropore formation of one of the PCPs, [Zn 2 (Oxac)(Taz) 2 ]¢(H 2 O) 2.5 referred to as ZOTW 2.5 ; i.e., the micropore formation via water-assisted CO 2 adsorption on ZOTW x .13 Although the as-synthesized ZOTW 2.5 pretreated gently had little open micropores because of some residual water, the water-assisted adsorption of CO 2 to bring about the formation of abundant open micropores after vacuum degassing.Magnetic fields (H/T) drastically modify the structures and properties of materials, especially colloidal systems.1419 Homogeneous magnetic fields affect them thermodynamically via magnetic energy, (1/2)»H 2 , which may induce magnetic orientation, phase transition, etc. The magnetic field gradient also brings about a magnetic force, which causes convection, mass-transport, concentration change, etc. In this study, magnetic field control of the pore formation of a PCP comprising metal ions and magnetically anisotropic ligands was investigated. ZOTW 2.5 was synthesized under magnetic fields of up to 6 T, and the morphology of the crystals, crystal structure, size, and properties of the micropores were examined. The experiments have been described in a previous paper. 13 0.4 g of Zn 5 (CO 3 ) 2 (OH) 6 , 0.4 g of H 2 C 2 O 4 , and 1.4 g of 1,2,4-triazole were added to a mixed solvent of 12 mL of methanol and 2 mL of distilled water. The dispersion was tran...

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Transient Oxygen Clathrate-like Hydrate and Water Networks Induced by Magnetic Fields

Cited by 33 publications

References 17 publications

Effect of Waters Enriched in O2 by Injection or Electrolysis on Performance and the Cardiopulmonary and Acid–Base Response to High Intensity Exercise

Effect of Waters Enriched in O2 by Injection or Electrolysis on Performance and the Cardiopulmonary and Acid–Base Response to High Intensity Exercise

Effect of administration of water enriched in O2 by injection or electrolysis on transcutaneous oxygen pressure in anesthetized pigs

Magnetic Field Control of Micropore Formation in [Zn₂(Oxac)(Taz)₂]·(H₂O)_x

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Transient Oxygen Clathrate-like Hydrate and Water Networks Induced by Magnetic Fields

Cited by 33 publications

References 17 publications

Effect of Waters Enriched in O2 by Injection or Electrolysis on Performance and the Cardiopulmonary and Acid–Base Response to High Intensity Exercise

Effect of Waters Enriched in O2 by Injection or Electrolysis on Performance and the Cardiopulmonary and Acid–Base Response to High Intensity Exercise

Effect of administration of water enriched in O2 by injection or electrolysis on transcutaneous oxygen pressure in anesthetized pigs

Magnetic Field Control of Micropore Formation in [Zn2(Oxac)(Taz)2]·(H2O)x

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Product

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Magnetic Field Control of Micropore Formation in [Zn₂(Oxac)(Taz)₂]·(H₂O)_x