Transition from a Townsend discharge to a normal discharge via two-dimensional modeling

Kolobov, Vladimir; Fiala, A.

doi:10.1103/physreve.50.3018

Cited by 83 publications

(139 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…However, the authors of [30] performed neither an analysis of the breakdown equation obtained nor a comparison of the calculations with measured data and, even, gave no theoretical breakdown curve. Therefore, having made a simple transformation, we present the equation (12) of [30] in the form:…”

Section: Theoretical Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, for the description of the dc discharge breakdown in such devices, one should obtain the gas breakdown criterion, taking into account the escape of charged particles to the lateral walls of the discharge tube (to the cells in the plasma display panel, etc). The equation for the gas breakdown in a dc uniform electric field obtained in [30] takes into account the ionization of gas molecules through electron impact and electron and ion drift along the field as well as the diffusional escape of electrons along the radius of the discharge tube. However, the authors of [30] performed neither an analysis of the breakdown equation obtained nor a comparison of the calculations with measured data and, even, gave no theoretical breakdown curve.…”

Section: Theoretical Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The equation for the gas breakdown in a dc uniform electric field obtained in [30] takes into account the ionization of gas molecules through electron impact and electron and ion drift along the field as well as the diffusional escape of electrons along the radius of the discharge tube. However, the authors of [30] performed neither an analysis of the breakdown equation obtained nor a comparison of the calculations with measured data and, even, gave no theoretical breakdown curve. Therefore, having made a simple transformation, we present the equation (12) of [30] in the form:…”

Section: Theoretical Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Low-pressure gas breakdown in uniform dc electric field

Lisovskiy¹,

Yakovin²,

Yegorenkov³

2000

J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.

148

120

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Abstract. This paper studies in experiment and theory the breakdown of argon, nitrogen, air and oxygen in a uniform dc electric field at different discharge gaps L, discharge tube radii R and cathode materials. At arbitrary geometric dimensions of the cylindrical discharge vessel and cathode materials the ratio of the breakdown electric field value to the gas pressure p at the minimum of the breakdown curves is shown to remain constant, (E dc /p) min ≈ constant. A modified breakdown law for the low-pressure dc dischargeThat is, the breakdown voltage U dc is shown to depend not only on the product pL, but also on the ratio L/R. A method is presented enabling one to predict a dc breakdown curve in the cylindrical discharge vessel possessing arbitrary L and R values from the measured data on the dc breakdown.

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Section: Theoretical Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Theoretical Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Theoretical Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Low-pressure gas breakdown in uniform dc electric field

Lisovskiy¹,

Yakovin²,

Yegorenkov³

2000

J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.

148

120

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…As we shall demonstrate, electric field -pressure combinations used in the ESEM do not typically allow this criterion to be satisfied. Rather, the ESEM operates in the transition region between a Townsend discharge and a normal discharge (Kolobov & Fiala, 1994). A means of determining the electron energy distribution, and therefore ionization efficiency, as a function of sample-to-detector position is needed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An improved model for gaseous amplification in the environmental SEM

Thiel

Bache

Fletcher

et al. 1997

Journal of Microscopy

103

150

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SummaryWe present a new model for the gas amplification effect used in many environmental scanning electron microscopes, wherein molecular complexity is shown to be the critical factor. Monte Carlo simulations, based on experimental electron scattering cross-sections, are used to deduce a predictive model for the amplification process that is superior to the Townsend gas capacitor model. These predictions are compared with experimentally obtained amplification curves. Significantly, it is shown that the ionization efficiency of the electrons changes dramatically over the gap distance, and a constant value cannot be assumed. Atomic and molecular excitations affect the amplification process in two ways: first, they serve to lower the average kinetic energy of the imaging electrons, thereby keeping a greater fraction near the ionization threshold energy. Second, molecular normal modes determine the effectiveness of positive gas ions in producing additional secondaries upon surface impact. Practical implications such as signal gain and fraction of useful signal as a function of operating conditions are discussed in the light of the new model. Finally, we speculate on potential new contrast mechanisms brought about by the presence of an imaging gas.

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“…Negative differential conductivity of the glow discharge should then be the driving force of pattern formation. A number of authors [4,[15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22] actually have aimed at deriving such models from gas discharge physics, but not in a systematic manner.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%