Transition Metal Exchanged Hydroxyapatite/Fluorapatite Catalysts for C−C and C−N Bond Forming Reactions

Abstract

Transition metal (Cu, Zn, Rh, Pd) exchanged hydroxyapatite (HAP)/fluorapatite (FAP) materials have been synthesized by ion‐exchange method resulting in incorporation of the metal ions in the HAP/FAP structure. C−C and C−N bond forming reactions are important in synthetic organic chemistry as these organic transformations are very critical. Transition metal exchanged FAP provides an efficient catalytic system for N‐arylation of haloarenes and Suzuki and Heck coupling of haloarenes. By designing such catalytic materials, our group has developed synthetic methods which allow higher product yields and easy separation with the use of a small amount of catalyst in a shorter reaction time. This account addresses the work carried out in last two decades in the area of C−C and C−N bond forming reactions using transition metal exchanged fluorapatite.

Incorporation of Iron(II) and (III) in Hydroxyapatite—A Theoretical Study

“…The inclusion of Fe 3+ in the HAp cell gives more pronounced contraction of the cell than the Fe 2+ inclusion, namely 1060.2 Å 3 and 1064.7 Å 3 in the Ca(1) and Ca(2) position, respectively (Table 1). Therefore, the density of the cell is larger in Ca(1), 3.17 g/cm 3 , than in Ca(2), 3.15 g/cm 3 . Interestingly, the inclusion of Fe 3+ in the Ca(2) position occurs notably more favorable, by 1.03 eV, than in the Ca(1) position, which is distinct from the Fe 2+ insertion.…”

“…Metals such as rhodium, palladium, ruthenium, copper, and nickel are most commonly used as transition catalyst metals. Recently, iron has been added to this list [1][2][3]. The development of new catalytic systems with iron that meet environmental friendliness, efficiency, and reuse is a modern trend.…”

“…Hydroxyapatite (Ca 10 (PO 4 ) 6 (OH) 2 , HAp) is an attractive material for use in various fields, including catalysis applications [1][2][3][12][13][14][15]. Hydroxyapatite is a material wellknown for cationic and anionic substitutions [16,17].…”

“…fields, including catalysis applications [1][2][3][12][13][14][15]. Hydroxyapatite is a material wellknown for cationic and anionic substitutions [16,17].…”

W/HAP catalysed N-oxidation of tertiary amines with H2O2 as an oxidant

“…Recently, there is a review article by Kantam M L 27 on C-C and C-N bond-forming reactions catalysed by HAP. There are various methods to synthesize hydroxyapatite.…”