Transition of polymers from the fluid to the forced high-elastic and leathery states at temperatures above the glass transition temperature

Borisenkova, E. K.; Dreval, V. E.; Vinogradov, G. V.; Kurbanaliev, M. K.; Moiseyev, V.V.; Shalganova, V. G.

doi:10.1016/0032-3861(82)90021-0

Cited by 23 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…As has already been shown above, the transition of linear polymers from one physical state to another can take place in isothermal conditions. Available data [5,18] indicate that there exists a close relationship between the dependence of the total deformation on the deformation rate and the frequency dependence of the dynamic loss modulus G"(co). The maximum in the total fracture strain corresponds to the minimum in the loss modulus ( figure 10).…”

Section: The Relaxation Transitions In Linear Polymers In Uniaxial Exmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…These values considerably exceed recoverable fracture strains for crosslinked rubbers. The analysis of the results for 1,2-polybutadiene and a number of other polymers leads to an important conclusion that the maximum of the e* (8) curve corresponds to the limiting degree of straightening of the macromolecules [5,18,19]. The pertinent data are presented in figure 9.…”

Section: The Relaxation Transitions In Linear Polymers In Uniaxial Exmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…On the other hand, from data for plastic metals and inorganic glasses Gool [21] and Bartenev [22] suggested a power function for cured rubbers. Recently Vinogradov et al successfully used the power function for describing the durability of uncured elastomers [5,18,23,24]. The range of applicability of the t w o above-mentioned functions has been considered by Kurbanaliev and Mirdjanov.…”

Section: The Relaxation Transitions In Linear Polymers In Uniaxial Exmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…This effect is related to polymer surface swelling and surface tension at the polymer-liquid interface. Previously, it has been shown [5,18,25,26] that there exists a universal parameter determining the minimum fracture stress regardless of the nature of linear macromolecules, their molecular weight, temperature or state. This parameter is the value of recoverable strain equal to 0.5 according to Hencky.…”

Section: The Relaxation Transitions In Linear Polymers In Uniaxial Exmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dependence of total (e*), recoverable (e*) and non-recoverable (e~.) deformatiotas on strain rate fracture can be studied over many decades of extension rates and stresses, and the strength characteristics can be determined over a very wide range of deformation rates, in particular, for the transition from the rubbery to leathery states [5,18]. In uniaxial extension two limiting modes of polymer behaviour can be seen especially clearly: steady-state flow and polymer fracture (figure 8).…”

Section: The Relaxation Transitions In Linear Polymers In Uniaxial Exmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Uniaxial extension and shear in combination with cyclic straining as a promising method for studying the viscoelasticity of polymers over a wide range of stresses and strains atT > T g

1985

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Simple relations are found between the fracture strains, the long-term durability and the initial values of parameters characterizing polymer rheology at deformation rates and stresses approaching zero. Fracture regimes are determined by two groups of parameters. One includes critical values of stresses. They are invariant with repect to temperature and molecular weight of the polymers; the values of critical stresses for different polymer compositions differ by a factor of 10 to 20. The second group of critical parameters includes the rates of deformation determined by the initial viscosity. The latter may vary by many orders of magnitude. There exists a universal critical value determining polymer fracture independent of linear macromolecule composition, its molecular weight, the temperature and the way of attaining a given state. This value is the recoverable strain and is equal to 0.5 according to Hencky. There exists a relation between the maximum value of recoverable strain in the transition region from the rubbery to the leathery state and the extensibility of macromolecules for polymers with various molecular weights. Quenching of the polymer near the maximum recoverable strain makes it possible to obtain high strength samples. Overspurt regimes for polymer flow have also been studied. It has been shown that this causes polymer static electrification. Simple and unique dependences of the charge density on temperature and polymer molecular weight have been established.

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Section: The Relaxation Transitions In Linear Polymers In Uniaxial Exmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: The Relaxation Transitions In Linear Polymers In Uniaxial Exmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: The Relaxation Transitions In Linear Polymers In Uniaxial Exmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: The Relaxation Transitions In Linear Polymers In Uniaxial Exmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Relaxation Transitions In Linear Polymers In Uniaxial Exmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Uniaxial extension and shear in combination with cyclic straining as a promising method for studying the viscoelasticity of polymers over a wide range of stresses and strains atT > T g

1985

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Dependence of maximum recoverable deformation of linear flexible‐chain polymers on limiting extension of the chains

Dreval

Vinogradov

Radushkevich³

1984

J. Polym. Sci. Polym. Phys. Ed.

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Socialist Republics and B. V. RADUSHKEVICH, AL1-Union Research Institute of Man-made Fibres, Kalinin, Union of Soviet Socialist Republics Synopsis Uniaxial stretching and orientation of some linear flexible-chain polymers have been investigated.A functional relation has been found between the maximum recoverable deformation and the limiting extension of the macromolecules. These deformations are found to increase in direct proportion t o the square root of the degree of polymerization and to decrease with increasing stiffness of the polymer chain. EXPERIMENTALPolymers with a wide molecular weight distribution were studied: three samples of a copolymer of acrylonitrile, methyl methacrylate, and itaconic acid

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Tensile flow and stress–strain behavior over a wide temperature range for poly(butyl methacrylate) with a broad molecular weight distribution

Vinogradov¹,

Dreval²,

Borisenkova³

et al. 1986

J Polym Sci B Polym Phys

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synopsisThe poly(buty1 methacrylate) studied is a polymer with a normal molecular weight distribution and a relatively low molecular weight close to M,, the critical molecular weight from the viscosity-molecular weight relation. The polymer was subjected to uniaxial extension and shear over a temperature range which included T,. It was found that in the region of T, an increase in applied stress is accompanied by a decrease both in the temperature shift factor u T and in the activation energy for relaxation and rupture of polymer melts. Close attention is given to the long-term durability of the polymer. As is expected in the temperature range below T,, its dependence on the stress is exponential, whereas at temperatures above T,. a power law fits the data. In the latter case a log-log plot of the long-term durability versus stress can be represented by two intersecting straight lines which can be replotted as a generalized straight line if the long-term durability values are normalized by the viscosity. MATERIALS AND METHODSPoly(buty1 methacrylate) (PBMA) was prepared by free-radical polymerization in a 10% solution of monomer in isopropyl alcohol. The polymer was reprecipitated before use. Its viscosity-average molecular weight IE was 'Dedicated to Professor F. R. Schwarzl on his 60th birthday.

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Transition of polymers from the fluid to the forced high-elastic and leathery states at temperatures above the glass transition temperature

Cited by 23 publications

References 22 publications

Uniaxial extension and shear in combination with cyclic straining as a promising method for studying the viscoelasticity of polymers over a wide range of stresses and strains atT > T g

Uniaxial extension and shear in combination with cyclic straining as a promising method for studying the viscoelasticity of polymers over a wide range of stresses and strains atT > T g

Dependence of maximum recoverable deformation of linear flexible‐chain polymers on limiting extension of the chains

Tensile flow and stress–strain behavior over a wide temperature range for poly(butyl methacrylate) with a broad molecular weight distribution

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