Transitional behaviour in the transformation from active end planes to stable loops caused by annealing

An Atomistic Branching Mechanism for Carbon Nanotubes: Sulfur as the Triggering Agent

“…By annealing these conical junctions, defects are removed, but the formation of loops (coalescence) on the open edges occurs; that is, the cones never become tubular structures. [23] With the evidence presented above, we propose the branching mechanism summarized in Figure 5. Our model starts with the formation of the main cylindrical stem with a stacked-cone structure, which is favored by the presence of sulfur in the system leading to a widening effect on the nanotube (see Figure 3 a).…”

The role of textural characteristics and oxygen-containing surface groups in the supercapacitor performances of activated carbons

“…In the case of the internal surface area S mi of the KOH-activated carbons Maxsorb, a similar calculation suggests that the CO-generating groups occupy approximately 13% the micropore walls. This is the direct result of KOH activation, which exposes existing edges and creates new edges by an attack perpendicular to the basal planes [39,40].…”

Resonant Raman Study on Bulk and Isolated Graphitic Nanoribbons

“…Carbonaceous materials have been shown to graphitize up to different levels upon heat treatment, depending on the characteristics of their defects and the temperature reached during the heat treatment. In the literature there are reports on the annealing of materials, such as thin carbon films,1 graphite fibers,2 polyparaphenylene (PPP)‐based carbons,3 cup‐stacked carbon nanotubes,4 diamond‐like carbon films,5 and more recently graphitic nanoribbons6, 7, 8 and flakes of highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) 9. The general behavior upon heat treatment is an increase of sp 2 hybridization of the carbon atoms, an enlargement of the in‐plane crystallite size (2D order of the graphene layers), and in some cases the establishment of stacking order along the c ‐axis (3D order).…”