Transitions in infant sensorimotor development and the prediction of childhood IQ.

McCall, Robert B.; Hogarty, Pamela S.; Hurlburt, Nancy

doi:10.1037/h0033148

Cited by 303 publications

(123 citation statements)

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“…McCall confirma essa tendência apresentando uma série de estudos que avaliam longitudinalmente crianças de risco ou com deficiências estabelecidas, e considera que as correlações em determinadas populações especiais podem se aproximar de 0,70 a 0,80 (McCall, Hogarty & Hurlburt, 1972). Lamentavelmente, é expressivo o índice de resultados falsos positivos e portanto não há possibilidade de discriminar entre uma população e outra.…”

Section: Validade Preditiva Dos Testes De Bebêsunclassified

Avaliação da inteligência na primeira infância

Theuer¹,

Flores-Mendoza²

2003

Psico-USF

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ResumoTradicionalmente, a inteligência é avaliada por instrumentos psicométricos. Em se tratando da avaliação cognitiva na primeira infância (0 a 36 meses de idade), os testes geralmente baseiam-se em critérios de desempenho psicomotor. Meio século de pesquisas tem demonstrado pouca ou nenhuma associação entre o que é requisitado nas escalas clássicas de desenvolvimento infantil e a performance cognitiva nos anos posteriores. Tais resultados fortaleceram a crença na descontinuidade do desenvolvimento da inteligência ao longo do ciclo vital. No entanto, há recentes evidências de que medidas de processamento de informação podem trazer respostas ao desafio de encontrar maiores correlações entre as pontuações em inteligência nos primeiros anos de vida e posteriores do que as obtidas por meio dos testes de desenvolvimento psicomotor. Índices de habituação visual e preferência pela novidade, bastante livres de requisitos motores, têm apresentado moderada validade preditiva em relação ao desenvolvimento cognitivo. No presente trabalho apresentam-se os principais estudos a esse respeito. Palavras-Chave: Inteligência; Primeira infância; Habituação; Preferência pelo novo. Intelligence assessment in early childhood AbstractIntelligence is traditionally measured by psychometric tools. In early childhood (0-36 months-age) the cognitive assessment is generally based on psychomotor achievement criteria. Half a century of researches has shown that there is little or no association between the requirements of classic scales of child development and the later cognitive performance in childhood or adulthood. Those results strengthened the theories that affirm the discontinuity of cognitive development throughout life span. In recent years, however, there are evidences that processing information measurements can answer the challenge of finding higher correlation between the intelligence scores of the first years of life and latter than those obtained through psychomotor developmental tests. Scores of visual habituation and novelty preferences, relatively free of motor requirements, have shown some predictive validity in relation to the cognitive development. The present study addresses some of the main studies on this issue. Keywords: Intelligence, Childhood; Habituation, Novelty preference. IntroduçãoEm qualquer sistema de saúde existem programas direcionados ao desenvolvimento de bebês que nascem ou desenvolvem condições de desvantagem, tais como bebês prematuros, portadores de síndromes, vítimas de traumatismo craniano, de extremo baixo peso e várias outras situações consideradas de risco para o desenvolvimento. A avaliação do desenvolvimento cognitivo da criança constitui-se como ponto de convergência dos diferentes programas de intervenção precoce. O desenvolvimento das habilidades mentais oferece informações para o processo de investigação diagnóstica, norteia o estabelecimento de objetivos a curto prazo e, em longo prazo, a escolha dos materiais, bem como oferece dados para a elaboração de estratégias de intervenção e para ...

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Section: Validade Preditiva Dos Testes De Bebêsunclassified

Avaliação da inteligência na primeira infância

Theuer¹,

Flores-Mendoza²

2003

Psico-USF

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…A major reason for the low predictive val idity of intelligence tests seems to be the nature of intelligence itself [e. g., Bayley, 1955;McCall et al, 1972McCall et al, , 1977Wachs, 1976]. Traditionally, many developmental psychol ogists have, explicitly or implicitly, assumed that intelligence is a relatively Fixed and un changing characteristic, and that there is a continuity between certain aspects of cogni tive competence assessed in infancy and the same functions assessed at a later age period.…”

Section: Continuity and Discontinuity In The Development Of Early Cogmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Undoubtedly, today there is growing evi dence indicating that the nature of intelli-gcncc undergoes fundamental qualitative changes with development [e.g., Lewis, 1973;McCall et al, 1972McCall et al, , 1977Stott and Ball, 1965], and that the development of cognitive competence in many cases may be regarded as a discontinuous process. However, refer ring to Wohlwill [1973] and Emmerich [1964[ ] among others, McCall [1977[ , 1979 holds that where the problem of continuity and discontinuity in development is consid ered, it is necessary to distinguish between continuity-discontinuity in developmental functions, and stability-instability in individ ual differences.…”

Section: Continuity and Discontinuity In The Development Of Early Cogmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, since item consis tency and test-retest comparability of various infant scales are high (about 0.80-0.90), as pointed out by McCall et al [1972], '... reli ability does not appear to be a major factor in the failure to obtain prediction from infancy to later intelligence' (p. 731). Although psy chometric problems cannot be disregarded, in this article other explanations will be con sidered.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A recent study by Smith and Hagen [submitted] shows that the predictive correlations between the five Gesell scales at 28 weeks and 24 months were very much higher (mean = 0.46) for a group of Down's syndrome infants, compared to a group of nonretarded infants (mean = 0.14), where in fact only gross motor behavior at 24 months could be predicted from Gcsell per formance at 28 weeks. For average and above average infants, socioeconomic or educa tional status of the parents seem to be a better predictor than infant tests during the first 2 years of life [Ireton et al, 1970;McCall et al, 1972], Interestingly, cross-age correlations be tween test scores seem to be considerably higher for infants who live in a relatively con stant environment, compared to infants who experience a change in their environment. For example, in a study by Ramey et al [1973] the predictive power of the tests used on a day-care sample was much higher than that usually reported, and the high correla tions found were interpreted with reference to a relatively constant environment.…”

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confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Predictive Validity of Assessments of Early Cognitive Competence in Light of Some Current Issues in Developmental Psychology

Ulvund

1984

Human Development

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The low predictive validity of infant tests is discussed in light of some current issues in developmental psychology. The main issues considered are continuity-discontinuity in the development of early cognitive-competence, the problem of intellectual heterogeneity, and the issue of individual-environment transactions. Some suggestions concerning how predictive validity may be increased are discussed, as well as the choice of criteria other than predictive validity for evaluating the usefulness of infant tests.

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Children With Superior Intelligence at 7 Years of Age

Fisch¹,

Bilek²,

Horrobin³

et al. 1976

Am J Dis Child

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Perinatal and medical information, growth, and the social background of 258 children who, in a prospective study, had superior intelligence at 7 years of age were reviewed. The subjects were divided into three categories on the basis of the results of psychological evaluation at age 7. Comparisons were made between those with superior (intelligence quotient greater than or equal to 120), average (IQ between 80 and 119), and low intelligence (IQ less than or equal to 79). A favorable parental social and educational background was the best correlate of superior intelligence in the children. Larger head size from 1 year of age was an early finding associated with superior intelligence. Greater height and weight, from 4 years of age were later findings. Correlations between psychological performance at ages 4 and 7 years were statistically significant. Perinatal factors and medical complications did not affect the intellectual status of children with superior intelligence.

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Transitions in infant sensorimotor development and the prediction of childhood IQ.

Cited by 303 publications

References 64 publications

Avaliação da inteligência na primeira infância

Avaliação da inteligência na primeira infância

Predictive Validity of Assessments of Early Cognitive Competence in Light of Some Current Issues in Developmental Psychology

Children With Superior Intelligence at 7 Years of Age

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