Translating bioactive peptides for COVID-19 therapy

Abstract

COVID-19 (Coronavirus disease 2019) is a global pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a positive-sense RNA virus. This virus has emerged as a threat to global health, social stability, and the global economy. This pandemic continues to cause rampant mortality worldwide with the dire urgency to develop novel therapeutic agents. To meet this task, this article discusses advances in the research and potential application of bioactive peptides for possible mitigation of infection by SARS-CoV-2. Growing insight into the molecular biology of SARS-CoV-2 has revealed potential druggable targets for bioactive peptides. Bioactive peptides with unique amino acid sequences can mitigate such targets including, type II transmembrane serine proteases (TMPRSS2) inhibition, furin cleavage, and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) members. Based on current evidence and structure-function analysis, multiple bioactive peptides present potency to neutralize the virus. To date, no SARS-CoV-2-explicit drug has been reported, but we here introduce bioactive peptides in the perspective of their potential activity against SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Food Ingredients and Active Compounds against the Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Pandemic: A Comprehensive Review

“…Anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities, antiviral capacity, prevent digestion issues, reduce the risk of chronic diseases [45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53] Inhibition of viral replication Disruption of viral spike protein Inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 protease [26,[54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66][67][68][69] Bioactive lipids comprise several endogenous molecules affecting a wide array of biological processes. Typical examples of lipids include omega-3 fatty acids and their metabolic products, carotenoids, phytosterols, and fat-soluble vitamins, phenolic lipids, and acylglycerol derivatives.…”

“…In particular, bioactive peptides with unique amino acid sequences can mitigate such targets including, type II transmembrane serine proteases (TMPRSS2) inhibition, furin cleavage, and the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS) members. Based on current evidence and structure-function analysis, multiple bioactive peptides present potency to neutralize the virus [ 50 ].…”

Beneficial Effects of Vitamins, Minerals, and Bioactive Peptides on Strengthening the Immune System Against COVID-19 and the Role of Cow’s Milk in the Supply of These Nutrients

“…Valine–proline–proline (VPP) is a milk-derived bioactive peptide that reduces the attachment of monocytes to inflamed endothelium as well as inflammation and prevents primary arteriosclerosis [ 139 ]. Recently, a study was conducted on the effect of bioactive peptides on COVID-19; the results of this study show that bioactive peptides with unique amino acid sequences can mitigate such targets including type II transmembrane serine proteases (TMPRSS2) inhibition, furin cleavage, and renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS) members [ 140 ]. According to the findings of this study, based on structure–function analysis, multiple bioactive peptides present potency to neutralize the virus.…”

“…According to the findings of this study, based on structure–function analysis, multiple bioactive peptides present potency to neutralize the virus. In this study, bioactive peptides were also introduced as an effective factor against SARS-CoV-2 infection due to their potential activity [ 140 ]. Finally, based on the results reported from various studies, it can be said that cow’s milk contains significant amounts of bioactive peptides that can be very beneficial for the proper functioning of the immune system.…”

Targeting SARS-CoV-2 Receptor Binding Domain with Stapled Peptides: An In Silico Study

“… 7 For a complete review on bioactive peptides in the perspective of their potential activity against SARS-CoV-2, we recommend to read the literature review conducted by Bhullar and co-workers. 32 …”