Translation and content validation of the trans-contextual model questionnaire battery and development of a web-based version for 10-to 12-year-old Danish schoolchildren

Abstract

His research area is sport psychology, football and motivation, which will be applied within the "11 for Health -in Denmark" concept. The "11 for Health -in Denmark" concept is a health education concept targeted towards 10-12-year-old schoolchildren, taking place on the football pitch. The authors have previously investigated the impacts of the "11 for Health -in Denmark" concept and found positive effects on schoolchildren's physical fitness, cognitive performance, well-being, enjoyment and health knowledge. The validated web-based trans-contextual model questionnaire battery has been developed within the frame of the present study. The ambition is to apply the questionnaire battery to examine the effects of schoolchildren's perceived autonomy support toward physical education-based football activities on autonomous motivation, beliefs, and intentions toward participating in physical activity outside of school.

Motivational predictors of children's involvement in out‐of‐school activities: An application of a football program

“…Details of the TCM questionnaire used in this study and validated by Madsen et al, 12 are summarized below and full details can be found in Appendix S1B. In the absence of actual observations on how teachers support autonomous motivation in the class, schoolchildren's perceived autonomy support by PE teachers were used 21 .…”

“…24,29 Face and content validity of the TCM constructs for a specific 57-item 3-wave web-based questionnaire to be used in the program has been established in Danish schoolchildren. 12 Applying the TCM to the program, is considered to help understand if school-based football is motivating as stated in the literature, 8,22 and if the activities can enhance motivation and intentions to participate in out-of-school PA. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the processes by which 10-to 12-year-old schoolchildren's perceived autonomy support by their teacher and autonomous motivation related to autonomous motivation, beliefs, intentions, and actual behavior.…”

“…The 11 for Health in Denmark educational football concept (henceforth referred to as “the program”) was implemented in Danish schools in collaboration with the Danish Football Association (DBU) as a way to counter the inability to meet PA guidelines for children and has shown numerous positive physiological and psychological effects 7–11 . Although the teachers who deliver the program are taught how to teach in an engaging manner, a key part of the program's successful application has not yet been examined; namely the motivational processes for participation and behavioral changes 12 . Therefore, this study used the TCM framework to investigate the processes by which 10‐ to 12‐year‐old schoolchildren's perceived autonomy support and autonomous motivation toward the program‐predicted autonomous motivation, beliefs, intentions, and PA behavior outside of school.…”

“…In these settings, the TCM assumes that PE teachers can foster autonomous motivation by adopting autonomy‐supportive actions and behaviors 24,29 . Face and content validity of the TCM constructs for a specific 57‐item 3‐wave web‐based questionnaire to be used in the program has been established in Danish schoolchildren 12 …”

“… 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 Although the teachers who deliver the program are taught how to teach in an engaging manner, a key part of the program's successful application has not yet been examined; namely the motivational processes for participation and behavioral changes. 12 Therefore, this study used the TCM framework to investigate the processes by which 10‐ to 12‐year‐old schoolchildren's perceived autonomy support and autonomous motivation toward the program‐predicted autonomous motivation, beliefs, intentions, and PA behavior outside of school. This line of research is unique as no previous research has applied the TCM in a football related PE intervention; further, it will be the first time that the TCM is tested in Danish‐speaking schoolchildren.…”