Translation and cross-cultural adaptation of Nepali versions of the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS®) Pain Intensity, Pain Interference, Pain Behavior, Depression, and Sleep Disturbance short forms in chronic musculoskeletal pain

Abstract

MP 2021, 'Translation and cross-cultural adaptation of Nepali versions of the patientreported outcomes measurement information system (PROMIS®) pain intensity, pain interference, pain behavior, depression, and sleep disturbance short forms in chronic musculoskeletal pain', Quality of Life Research.

German translation of the PROMIS® pediatric anxiety, anger, depressive symptoms, fatigue, pain interference and peer relationships item banks

“…Further, similar to our previous study, the translation of some items needed two (synonymous) words to capture the intended concept in a way that all children/adolescents of varying ages and of all German-speaking countries could understand (see also [ 16 ] or [ 18 ]).…”

“…The advantage of utilizing IRT methods and CATs is that item banks can be established from which either a CAT or a specific short-form can be drawn, thus minimizing the number of items displayed to the child while maintaining measurement precision and responsiveness [ 7 – 10 ]. Since 2013 there has been a steady increase in the translation of PROMIS measures including into Chinese [ 11 , 12 ], Dutch-Flemish [ 13 , 14 ], Spanish, German [ 15 – 17 ], Nepali [ 18 ] and other languages.…”

Cross-sectional study examining the epidemiology of chronic pain in Nepal

“…Participants completed the S-LANSS Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS), irrespective of whether their pain was associated with neuropathic, nociceptive, or nociplastic features. Participants also completed the Nepali versions of the 3-item Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS-3, 9 translated into Nepali by Sharma et al 41 ); the 2-item Connor Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC-2, 50 translated into Nepali by Sharma et al 39 ); and the 4 PROMIS Domain Short Form questionnaires (pain intensity, pain interference, sleep disturbance, and depression; http://www.healthmeasures.net/promis-scoring-manuals ), which were translated into Nepali by Sharma et al 37 , 40 Information obtained from participants was managed at the Department of Physiotherapy, Dhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University Hospital. All data were pseudoanonymized, entered into password-protected computerized databases, and transferred electronically, in a secure manner, to the University of Dundee for statistical analysis.…”

Validation of the Nepali Version of the Self-reported Leeds Assessment of Neuropathic Symptoms and Signs (S-LANSS) in Adults With Chronic Pain and Predominantly Low-literacy Levels

“…The Nepali translation of the Pain Intensity short form 3a includes three items and is shown to be comprehensible, reliable, and valid. 41,49 It assesses three aspects of pain intensity: worst pain in the past week; average pain in the past week; and current pain. 13 Participants are asked to rate their pain intensity using a five-point Likert scale ranging from 1 to 5, where 1 = Had no pain, 2 = Mild, 3 = Moderate, 4 = Severe, and 5 = Very severe.…”

“…The Nepali translation of the PROMIS Pain Interference short form 6b includes six items and is shown to be comprehensible, reliable and valid. 41 It assesses the self-reported consequences of pain on social, cognitive, physical, and recreational activities. 1 Participants are asked to rate the extent to which their pain interferes with daily functioning in each of the 10 six items using a five-point Likert scale ranging from 1 to 5, where 1 = Not at all, 2 = A little bit, 3 = Somewhat, 4 = Quite a bit, and 5 = Very much.…”