Translocation of chloroplast NPR1 to the nucleus in retrograde signaling for adaptive response to salt stress in tobacco

Sy, Seo; Park, Ky Young

doi:10.1101/2021.03.24.436779

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Apoplastic ROS, such as H 2 O 2 itself as a signaling molecule, instigates a change in gene expression in the nucleus. For instance, the nonexpressor of pathogenesis-related genes 1 (NPR1) protein, a redox-sensitive transcription coactivator, primarily localized in the cytoplasm in both Arabidopsis and tobacco, transported to the nucleus in response to salt stress to function as a coactivator of gene transcription [ 99 , 100 , 101 ]. Recently, it was shown that a nuclear translocation of GmMPK6 from the cell membrane during high salinity treatment in soybean seedlings can be blocked by DPI treatment, suggesting that the nuclear translocation is mediated by Rboh-dependent H 2 O 2 [ 102 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Receptor for Activated C Kinase1B (OsRACK1B) Impairs Fertility in Rice through NADPH-Dependent H2O2 Signaling Pathway

Rahman

Fennell

Ullah

2022

IJMS

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The scaffold protein receptor for Activated C Kinase1 (RACK1) regulates multiple aspects of plants, including seed germination, growth, environmental stress responses, and flowering. Recent studies have revealed that RACK1 is associated with NADPH-dependent reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling in plants. ROS, as a double-edged sword, can modulate several developmental pathways in plants. Thus, the resulting physiological consequences of perturbing the RACK1 expression-induced ROS balance remain to be explored. Herein, we combined molecular, pharmacological, and ultrastructure analysis approaches to investigate the hypothesized connection using T-DNA-mediated activation-tagged RACK1B overexpressed (OX) transgenic rice plants. In this study, we find that OsRACK1B-OX plants display reduced pollen viability, defective anther dehiscence, and abnormal spikelet morphology, leading to partial spikelet sterility. Microscopic observation of the mature pollen grains from the OX plants revealed abnormalities in the exine and intine structures and decreased starch granules in the pollen, resulting in a reduced number of grains per locule from the OX rice plants as compared to that of the wild-type (WT). Histochemical staining revealed a global increase in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in the leaves and roots of the transgenic lines overexpressing OsRACK1B compared to that of the WT. However, the elevated H2O2 in tissues from the OX plants can be reversed by pre-treatment with diphenylidonium (DPI), an NADPH oxidase inhibitor, indicating that the source of H2O2 could be, in part, NADPH oxidase. Expression analysis showed a differential expression of the NADPH/respiratory burst oxidase homolog D (RbohD) and antioxidant enzyme-related genes, suggesting a homeostatic mechanism of H2O2 production and antioxidant enzyme activity. BiFC analysis demonstrated that OsRACK1B interacts with the N-terminal region of RbohD in vivo. Taken together, these data indicate that elevated OsRACK1B accumulates a threshold level of ROS, in this case H2O2, which negatively regulates pollen development and fertility. In conclusion, we hypothesized that an optimal expression of RACK1 is critical for fertility in rice plants.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Receptor for Activated C Kinase1B (OsRACK1B) Impairs Fertility in Rice through NADPH-Dependent H2O2 Signaling Pathway

Rahman

Fennell

Ullah

2022

IJMS

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“…However, it is unclear how theanine induced the expression of these genes. Recently, the retrograde signaling from chloroplast to nucleus was reported to be critical for salt stress tolerance in plants (Park and Seo, 2021;Zhuang et al, 2021). This retrograde signaling is required for the induction of ROS scavenging pathway genes such as CSD2 (Zhuang et al, 2021).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Then, that H 2 O 2 is converted into H 2 O and oxygen by ascorbate peroxidases (APXs), catalases (CATs), as well as other free radical scavengers (Bose et al, 2013). ROS imbalance is harmful to plants; however, H 2 O 2 is also involved in the chloroplast-to-nucleus retrograde signaling which is critical for salt stress response in plants (Park and Seo, 2021;Zhuang et al, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Theanine Improves Salt Stress Tolerance via Modulating Redox Homeostasis in Tea Plants (Camellia sinensis L.)

Chen

Lin

et al. 2021

Front. Plant Sci.

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Theanine, a unique non-proteinogenic amino acid, is one of the most abundant secondary metabolites in tea. Its content largely determines green tea quality and price. However, its physiological roles in tea plants remain largely unknown. Here, we showed that salt stress significantly increased the accumulation of glutamate, glutamine, alanine, proline, and γ-aminobutyric acid, as well as theanine, in the new shoots of tea plants. We further found that salt stress induced the expression of theanine biosynthetic genes, including CsGOGATs, CsAlaDC, and CsTSI, suggested that salt stress induced theanine biosynthesis. Importantly, applying theanine to the new shoots significantly enhanced the salt stress tolerance. Similar effects were also found in a model plant Arabidopsis. Notably, exogenous theanine application increased the antioxidant activity of the shoots under salt stress, suggested by reduced the reactive oxygen species accumulation and lipid peroxidation, as well as by the increased SOD, CAT, and APX activities and expression of the corresponding genes. Finally, genetic evidence supported that catalase-mediated antioxidant scavenging pathway is required for theanine-induced salt stress tolerance. Taken together, this study suggested that salt stress induces theanine biosynthesize in tea plants to enhance the salt stress tolerance through a CAT-dependent redox homeostasis pathway.

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“…NPR1, the primary SA receptor protein, is important for many physiological processes as well as different types of plant disease resistance. It is interesting to note that saline stress causes rapid accumulation of the NPR1 protein in the chloroplast stroma, which prevents stress from causing a reduction in the photosynthetic capacity in a redox-dependent manner [ 125 , 126 ]. This suggests that the NPR1 protein performs an unidentified function in the response to saline stress.…”

Section: Mechanism Comparison Of Sa In Saline and Biotic Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging Roles of Salicylic Acid in Plant Saline Stress Tolerance

Yang

Zhou

Zhang

2023

IJMS

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One of the most important phytohormones is salicylic acid (SA), which is essential for the regulation of plant growth, development, ripening, and defense responses. The role of SA in plant–pathogen interactions has attracted a lot of attention. Aside from defense responses, SA is also important in responding to abiotic stimuli. It has been proposed to have great potential for improving the stress resistance of major agricultural crops. On the other hand, SA utilization is dependent on the dosage of the applied SA, the technique of application, and the status of the plants (e.g., developmental stage and acclimation). Here, we reviewed the impact of SA on saline stress responses and the associated molecular pathways, as well as recent studies toward understanding the hubs and crosstalk between SA-induced tolerances to biotic and saline stress. We propose that elucidating the mechanism of the SA-specific response to various stresses, as well as SA-induced rhizosphere-specific microbiome modeling, may provide more insights and support in coping with plant saline stress.

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Translocation of chloroplast NPR1 to the nucleus in retrograde signaling for adaptive response to salt stress in tobacco

Cited by 5 publications

References 46 publications

Receptor for Activated C Kinase1B (OsRACK1B) Impairs Fertility in Rice through NADPH-Dependent H2O2 Signaling Pathway

Receptor for Activated C Kinase1B (OsRACK1B) Impairs Fertility in Rice through NADPH-Dependent H2O2 Signaling Pathway

Theanine Improves Salt Stress Tolerance via Modulating Redox Homeostasis in Tea Plants (Camellia sinensis L.)

Emerging Roles of Salicylic Acid in Plant Saline Stress Tolerance

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