Transmission electron microscopy of fluorapatite–gelatine composite particles prepared using focused ion beam milling

Volkert, Cynthia A.; Busch, Susanne; Heiland, Birgit; Dehm, Gerhard

doi:10.1111/j.0022-2720.2004.01352.x

Cited by 22 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…80 GPa [44]) assessed under bending. The possibility of degradation in the HAP crystallites owing to FIB treatment was elaborated using TEM [51,52], where HAP is reported to be structurally resistant to FIB-induced damage. Moreover, Chan et al [49] revealed no significant difference in the elastic modulus and hardness of enamel before and after FIB preparation, which would not be expected in the presence of protein degradation [53].…”

Section: (B) Hierarchical Level 1: Multiple Crystallites (I) Structurmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of structural hierarchy on the fracture behaviour of tooth enamel

Yılmaz

Schneider

Swain

2015

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A.

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Tooth enamel has the critical role of enabling the mastication of food and also of protecting the underlying vital dentin and pulp structure. Unlike most vital tissue, enamel has no ability to repair or remodel and as such has had to develop robust damage tolerance to withstand contact fatigue events throughout the lifetime of a species. To achieve such behaviour, enamel has evolved a complex hierarchical structure that varies slightly between different species. The major component of enamel is apatite in the form of crystallite fibres with a nanometresized diameter that extend from the dentin-enamel junction to the oral surface. These crystallites are bound together by proteins and peptides into a range of hierarchical structures from micrometre diameter prisms to 50-100 µm diameter bundles of prisms known as Hunter-Schreger bands. As a consequence of such complex structural organization, the damage tolerance of enamel increases through various toughening mechanisms in the hierarchy but at the expense of fracture strength. This review critically evaluates the role of hierarchy on the development of the R-curve and the stress-strain behaviour. It attempts to identify and quantify the multiple mechanisms responsible for this behaviour as well as their impact on damage tolerance.

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Section: (B) Hierarchical Level 1: Multiple Crystallites (I) Structurmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of structural hierarchy on the fracture behaviour of tooth enamel

Yılmaz

Schneider

Swain

2015

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A.

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“…For example, Cu is prone to extensive FIB damage, 31 as shown in the TEM image in Figure 7, but Al is not and even provides reasonable-quality highresolution TEM samples. 32 Tooth enamel (hydroxyapatite) is resistant to FIBinduced damage, 33 but other apatite crystals that decompose at lower temperatures amorphize easily. Several additional and unusual types of damage have been observed in FIB-milled samples.…”

Section: Ion Beam Damagementioning

confidence: 99%

Focused Ion Beam Microscopy and Micromachining

Volkert¹,

Minor²

2007

MRS Bull.

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583

380

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The fairly recent availability of commercial focused ion beam (FIB) microscopes has led to rapid development of their applications for materials science. FIB instruments have both imaging and micromachining capabilities at the nanometer–micrometer scale; thus, a broad range of fundamental studies and technological applications have been enhanced or made possible with FIB technology. This introductory article covers the basic FIB instrument and the fundamentals of ion–solid interactions that lead to the many unique FIB capabilities as well as some of the unwanted artifacts associated with FIB instruments. The four topical articles following this introduction give overviews of specific applications of the FIB in materials science, focusing on its particular strengths as a tool for characterization and transmission electron microscopy sample preparation, as well as its potential for ion beam fabrication and prototyping.

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“…[6] TEM reveals nanometer resolution of the ultrastructure and allows detailed analysis of the cell-to-material interface however, TEM is limited by its time consuming sample preparation that involves production of ultra thin sections which are very difficult to obtain when hard structures such as bone or metal implants need to be sectioned adjacent to softer materials. [19] In addition, serial sections at different sites of the sample are necessary to find the region of interest. Another limitation for TEM consists in the fact that cell organelles can be investigated in detail however it is often not possible to distinguish between different substructures of complex cells that represent different functional and morphological entities.…”

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confidence: 99%