Transmission Experiments in Serum Jaundice and Infectious Hepatitis

Paul, John R.; Havens, W. Paul; Sabin, A. B.; Philip, Celeste

doi:10.1001/jama.1945.02860300001001

Cited by 90 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Using preicteric serum obtained from volunteers who developed short-incubation hepatitis following ingestion of infected material (190), they observed a short incubation period similar to that noted after ingestion of infected material. Serum obtained 11 days before and 31 days after the onset of symptoms did not transmit hepatitis to any of six volunteers (three in each group), whereas serum collected 4 days after the onset was infectious in three of six recipients (105).…”

Section: Parenteral Transmissionmentioning

confidence: 77%

“…Hepatitis was apparent less than 40 days after exposure in all volunteers. In contrast, serum jaundice (hepatitis B) was transmitted to 10 of 23 volunteers inoculated with serum but not to three volunteers ingesting serum (190). All in this group developed hepatitis more than 50 days after exposure.…”

Section: Oral Transmissionmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…Three volunteers were infected sequentially with hepatitis B and then hepatitis A, demonstrating a lack of cross-reactive immunity. The authors interpreted their findings conservatively, as not indicating a fundamental difference between the two diseases, since the clinical features were indistinguishable with the exception of the incubation phase (190).…”

Section: Parenteral Transmissionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…In later publications from this group, a distinction between infectious hepatitis (short incubation) and serum jaundice (long incubation) was made (189,190). Infectious hepatitis (hepatitis A) was transmitted to four of five volunteers by ingestion of preicteric sera and to two of three volunteers after ingestion of stool (190). Hepatitis was apparent less than 40 days after exposure in all volunteers.…”

Section: Oral Transmissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hepatitis A: Old and New

2001

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The hepatitis A virus (HAV), a picornavirus, is a common cause of hepatitis worldwide. Spread of infection is generally person to person or by oral intake after fecal contamination of skin or mucous membranes; less commonly, there is fecal contamination of food or water. Hepatitis A is endemic in developing countries, and most residents are exposed in childhood. In contrast, the adult population in developed countries demonstrates falling rates of exposure with improvements in hygiene and sanitation. The export of food that cannot be sterilized, from countries of high endemicity to areas with low rates of infection, is a potentially important source of infection. After ingestion and uptake from the gastrointestinal tract, the virus replicates in the liver and is excreted into the bile. Cellular immune responses to the virus lead to destruction of infected hepatocytes with consequent development of symptoms and signs of disease. Humoral immune responses are the basis for diagnostic serologic assays. Acute HAV infection is clinically indistinguishable from other causes of acute viral hepatitis. In young children the disease is often asymptomatic, whereas in older children and adults there may be a range of clinical manifestations from mild, anicteric infection to fulminant hepatic failure. Clinical variants include prolonged, relapsing, and cholestatic forms. Management of the acute illness is supportive, and complete recovery without sequelae is the usual outcome. Research efforts during World War II led to the development of passive immunoprophylaxis. Pooled immune serum globulin is efficacious in the prevention and attenuation of disease in exposed individuals. More recently, active immunoprophylaxis by vaccination has been accomplished. Future eradication of this disease can now be contemplated

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Section: Parenteral Transmissionmentioning

confidence: 77%

Section: Oral Transmissionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Section: Parenteral Transmissionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Oral Transmissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hepatitis A: Old and New

2001

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“…B. Sabin, M.C., and was described in studies reported by Paul ct al. as containing an icterogenic agent of homologous erum jaundice (28). From coincident and subsequent work (27) Figure 2).…”

Section: Histoiicalmentioning

confidence: 96%

Infectious Hepatitis Complicated by Secondary Invasion With Salmonella 1

Havens¹,

Wenner²

1946

J. Clin. Invest.

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Epidemic of infectious Hepatitis

Barondess¹,

Drake²,

Bashe³

et al. 1955

AMA Arch Intern Med

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References 1-14, 17, 21, and 43. t References 32-34. Downloaded From: http://archinte.jamanetwork.com/ by a University of Iowa User on 06/15/2015 transmission by an insect vector has received consideration,U but experimental evidence on this point is restricted to one negative study in human volunteers, using flies trapped at the site of a camp epidemic.3 It has been shown in institutional epi¬ demics # and in army 17 and in camp 28 out-\ s=dd\ References 21 and 43 ; Clark, W. : Personal communication to the authors ;Williams, H.; Drake, M. E.; Barondess, J. A.; Maley, V. ; McCroan, J.

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Transmission Experiments in Serum Jaundice and Infectious Hepatitis

Cited by 90 publications

References 33 publications

Hepatitis A: Old and New

Hepatitis A: Old and New

Infectious Hepatitis Complicated by Secondary Invasion With Salmonella 1

Epidemic of infectious Hepatitis

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