Transmission of anthracnose (Colletotrichum lindemuthianum) in dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) with artificial and natural inoculum in a wet and dry canopy

Abstract

LeClair, E., Conner, R., Robinson, D. and Gillard, C. L. 2015. Transmission of anthracnose (Colletotrichum lindemuthianum) in dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) with artificial and natural inoculum in a wet and dry canopy. Can. J. Plant Sci. 95: 913–921. Anthracnose [Colletotrichum lindemuthianum (Sacc. and Magn.) Lams. – Scrib.] is a serious pathogen of dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Disease transmission on artificial materials and clothing has been observed in other crops, where equipment and workers transmit pathogens from infected to clean plants. Initial studies in 2008 and 2009 at Exeter, ON, determined that anthracnose transmission in dry bean as measured by resultant disease severity occurred with denim, leather, metal, and rubber using a 107 spores mL−1 prepared artificial spore inoculum in both wet and dry crop canopies. In 2012 and 2013 at Morden, MB, and Ridgetown, ON, the studies were expanded by adding a 105 spores mL−1 prepared artificial and a natural inoculum source. Inoculum source and canopy moisture had the greatest effect on disease severity, while no differences were observed between materials within an inoculum sources. Transmission in wet canopy conditions resulted in a higher infection rate. Canopy moisture impacted the natural inoculum the most. The 107 spores mL−1 inoculum transmitted the most disease followed by natural incidence and 105 spores mL−1 inoculum in wet conditions. In dry conditions 107 spores mL−1 inoculum transmitted the most disease followed by 105 spores mL−1 inoculum and natural incidence. Producers need to recognize that there is real risk for the anthracnose transmission by common materials in dry bean, and take appropriate precautions to prevent it.

Strategies to combat the problem of yam anthracnose disease: Status and prospects

“…To date, the feasibility of RNAi for targeted gene silencing via the exogenous addition of synthetic double‐stranded small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) targeting specific genes has been succinctly demonstrated in several fungi. For example, a considerable advance could be made using RNAi technology in the fight against anthracnose that is caused by several genera of ascomycete fungi including Colletotrichum lindemuthianum , which adversely affects the yield of Phaseolus vulgaris (de Lima Castro et al, 2017 ; LeClair et al, 2015 ), Colletotrichum sublineola affecting sorghum, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides affecting chilli and tomato (Mahto et al, 2020 ), and C . alatae causing yam dieback and being the most serious disease affecting Dioscorea species (Figure 1 ), especially under intensive cultivation in the tropics (Ripoche et al, 2008 ).…”

Antagonistic microorganisms efficiency to suppress damage caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides in papaya crop: Perspectives and challenges

“…Some fungi are capable to displace short distances on their own. Fungal spores spread by wind driven rain, irrigation water, insects, mammals, soil water, and humans as carriers (LeClair et al, 2015). When fungal spores are transferred to new host plants, they attach to them and begin the infection process one more time.…”

Potential parents of carioca bean for use in breeding aiming resistance to Colletotrichum lindemuthianum

“…Anthracnose, caused by the fungus Colletotrichum lindemuthianum (Sacc. and Magnus) Briosi & Cavara, is one of the most important diseases of bean crops, causing economic losses of up to 100% when contaminated seeds and susceptible cultivars are used under favorable environmental conditions (L. Costa et al., 2017; LeClair et al., 2015; Ribeiro et al., 2016). Regions with high relative humidity, and moderate temperatures between 15 and 25°C, are favorable for the development of the pathogen (Paula et al., 2015).…”