Transmission of cerebrospinal fluid pressure via the cochlear aqueduct and endolymphatic sac

Carlborg, Björn; Farmer, Joseph C.

doi:10.1016/s0196-0709(83)80071-4

Cited by 109 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Due to the pressure-regulating mechanisms, considerable changes in pres sure can be applied to the inner ear hydrody namic system without any adverse effects on the inner ear function under normal condi tions. Experimental studies have shown that changes in the perilymphatic pressure are im Transtympanic Elcctrocochleography in the Assessment of Perilymphatic Fistulas mediately compensated for, mainly via the patent cochlear aqueduct (CA) [22]. Other pressure-regulating factors of a considerably lesser capacity than that of the CA have been found in animals whose CA was surgically closed [22,23], In most human adults, where the CA is considered to be partially closed [24,25], these accessory pressure-regulating routes should be of importance to counteract changes in ambient pressure, CSF pressure or arteriovenous pressure.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In our study, the pa tients were instructed to avoid any sudden changes in pressure and to induce the pressure increase at a slow rate. Animal experiments and clinical studies using a pressure chamber have shown that pressure changes induced at a slow rate were compensated for most easily via the pressure release routes, also when the CA was surgically blocked [22,23],…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Transtympanic Electro-cochleography in the Assessment of Perilymphatic Fistulas

Sass¹,

Densert²,

Magnusson³

1997

Audiol Neurotol

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An objective method for the pre-operative diagnosis and the post-operative assessment of a presumed perilymphatic fistula (PLF) using transtympanic electrocochleography is presented. Three cases are reported in which the history of the disease and the symptoms strongly suggested the presence of a PLF. Pre-operative transtympanic electrocochleography (TT ECoG) recordings at rest showed changes similar to those of endolymphatic hydrops and signs of instability of the inner ear hydrodynamic system during raised intrathoracic pressure. Surgery revealed a visible leak in two of the three cases. Both windows were repaired in all the patients. All patients were relieved from their vestibular symptoms at the time when the post-operative TT ECoG was conducted 3-6 months later. The post-operative recordings were stable during raised intrathoracic pressure and the previously elevated summating potentials decreased which was interpreted as an objective indication of the recovery of the hydrodynamic system. However, later one of the patients again developed recurrent vertigo. Twenty patients with well-documented Ménière’s disease were used as a control group. TT ECoG was conducted during raised intrathoracic pressure. The Ménière patients showed stable recordings. It is suggested that among patients with suspected PLF and signs of hydrops in TT ECoG, a dependence on the intrathoracic pressure reflected in the recordings may indicate a possible fistula.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transtympanic Electro-cochleography in the Assessment of Perilymphatic Fistulas

Sass¹,

Densert²,

Magnusson³

1997

Audiol Neurotol

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“…Therefore the change in the time constant can be explained by the change of the flow resistance [2] during inner ear pressure variation provided by the permeability change of the cochlear aqueduct, caused by a change of structures filling the aqueduct and its entrance in scala tympani. Nevertheless, the regulation of the physiological variations of the inner ear pressures appears to be well balanced even in individuals with poor patency of the cochlear aqueduct, probably due to the close hydrodynamic relationship between the endolymphatic and the cerebrospinal fluid systems [32]. On the other hand, during the turbulent transition indicated on Figure 3, the P i (t) was inferior and nonproportionally varied with the (P i (t)−P c (t)) of the cochlear aqueduct pressures.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Estimation of the Time Constant of the Human Inner Ear Pressure Change by Noninvasive Technique

Traboulsi

Poumarat

Chazal

et al. 2009

Modelling and Simulation in Engineering

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We propose a noninvasive method to estimate the time constant. The calculation of this factor permits us to understand the pressure variations of the inner ear and also predict the behavior of the flow resistance of the cochlear aqueduct. A set of mathematical relationships incorporating the intralabyrinthine pressure, the intracranial pressure, and the time constant was applied. The modeling process describes the hydrodynamic effects of the cerebrospinal fluid in the intralabyrinthine fluid space, where the input and output of the created model are, respectively, the sinusoidal variation of the respiration signal and the distortion product of otoacoustic emissions. The obtained results were compared with those obtained by different invasive techniques. A long time constant was detected each time when the intracranial pressure increased; this phenomenon is related to the role of the cochlear aqueduct described elsewhere. The interpretation of this model has revealed the ability of these predictions to provide a greater precision for hydrodynamic variation of the inner ear, consequently the variation of the dynamic process of the cerebrospinal fluid.

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“…The cochlear aqueduct plays a major role in the inner ear pressure regulation in case of pressure transfer via middle ear and ossicular chain [2]. Transfer of intracranial pressure to the inner ear can be regulated by the cochlear aqueduct [3]. Although the endolymphatic sac function is discussed controversially, it is generally regarded as the determinant factor in endolymphatic fluid volume regulation [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrostatic fluid pressure in the vestibular organ of the guinea pig

Park

Boeven

Vogel

et al. 2011

Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol

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Since inner ear hair cells are mechano-electric transducers the control of hydrostatic pressure in the inner ear is crucial. Most studies analyzing dynamics and regulation of inner ear hydrostatic pressure performed pressure measurements in the cochlea. The present study is the first one reporting about absolute hydrostatic pressure values in the labyrinth. Hydrostatic pressure of the endolymphatic system was recorded in all three semicircular canals. Mean pressure values were 4.06 cmH(2)O ± 0.61 in the posterior, 3.36 cmH(2)O ± 0.94 in the anterior and 3.85 cmH(2)O ± 1.38 in the lateral semicircular canal. Overall hydrostatic pressure in the vestibular organ was 3.76 cmH(2)O ± 0.36. Endolymphatic hydrostatic pressure in all three semicircular canals is the same (p = 0.310). With regard to known endolymphatic pressure values in the cochlea from past studies vestibular pressure values are comparable to cochlear values. Until now it is not known whether the reuniens duct and the Bast's valve which are the narrowest passages in the endolymphatic system are open or closed. Present data show that most likely the endolymphatic system is a functionally open entity.

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Transmission of cerebrospinal fluid pressure via the cochlear aqueduct and endolymphatic sac

Cited by 109 publications

References 26 publications

Transtympanic Electro-cochleography in the Assessment of Perilymphatic Fistulas

Transtympanic Electro-cochleography in the Assessment of Perilymphatic Fistulas

The Estimation of the Time Constant of the Human Inner Ear Pressure Change by Noninvasive Technique

Hydrostatic fluid pressure in the vestibular organ of the guinea pig

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