Transmission of Cricket paralysis virus via exosome-like vesicles during infection of Drosophila cells

Kerr, Craig H.; Dalwadi, Udit; Scott, Nichollas E.; Yip, Calvin K.; Foster, Leonard J.; Jan, Eric

doi:10.1038/s41598-018-35717-5

Cited by 9 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…For this we used two complementary approaches: a target-free exploration of cricket frass nucleic acid, for discovering new potential virus hazards, and a targeted screening of a limited set of insect and frass samples from several local Swedish cricket retailers and producers, for detecting and quantifying known viral pathogens of crickets. This targeted screening focused on nine different viruses, of which seven (Acheta domesticus densovirus -AdDV, invertebrate iridovirus 6 -IIV-6, Gryllus bimaculatus nudivirus -GbNV, Acheta domesticus volvovirus -AdVVV, Acheta domesticus mini ambidensovirus -AdMADV, Acheta domesticus virus -AdV and cricket paralysis dicistrovirus -CrPV) have been previously associated with the rearing of crickets (27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35). The remaining two viruses are slow bee paralysis virus [SBPV, (36)], which was present at high levels in the target-free nucleic acid exploration of the current study, and a novel Iflavirus recently characterized from wild A. domesticus (37).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Virus Diversity and Loads in Crickets Reared for Feed: Implications for Husbandry

et al. 2021

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Insects generally have high reproductive rates leading to rapid population growth and high local densities; ideal conditions for disease epidemics. The parasites and diseases that naturally regulate wild insect populations can also impact when these insects are produced commercially, on farms. While insects produced for human or animal consumption are often reared under high density conditions, very little is known about the microbes associated with these insects, particularly those with pathogenic potential. In this study we used both target-free and targeted screening approaches to explore the virome of two cricket species commonly reared for feed and food, Acheta domesticus and Gryllus bimaculatus. The target-free screening of DNA and RNA from a single A. domesticus frass sample revealed that only 1% of the nucleic acid reads belonged to viruses, including known cricket, insect, bacterial and plant pathogens, as well as a diverse selection of novel viruses. The targeted screening revealed relatively high levels of Acheta domesticus densovirus, invertebrate iridovirus 6 and a novel iflavirus, as well as low levels of Acheta domesticus volvovirus, in insect and frass samples from several retailers. Our findings highlight the value of multiple screening approaches for a comprehensive and robust cricket disease monitoring and management strategy. This will become particularly relevant as-and-when cricket rearing facilities scale up and transform from producing insects for animal feed to producing insects for human consumption.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Virus Diversity and Loads in Crickets Reared for Feed: Implications for Husbandry

et al. 2021

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“…Our results revealed that viral protein could be detected in exosomes derived from infected cells ( Figure 5A ). Exosomes secreted from virus-infected cells are known to be able to transport viral nucleic acids [ 14 , 15 , 18 ]. Therefore, to examine whether viral RNA was present in exosomes, RT-qPCR was performed, and the results confirmed the presence of EV-A71 RNA ( Figure 5B ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Exosomes are known to be able to transmit infection to uninfected cells [ 14 , 15 , 18 ]. To examine whether the exosomes were infectious, exosomes purified from intestinal organoids that were mock or EV-A71 infected were labeled with DiD and then added to uninfected RD cells.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These observations suggest that the extracellular vesicles released from host cells during viral infections may play roles in facilitating viral replication. In addition to HAV, other picornaviruses such as CVB3 and cricket paralysis virus are capable of utilizing cell-derived vesicles to escape host cells and facilitate viral dissemination [ 17 , 18 ]. Nevertheless, whether EV-A71 subvert exosome machinery to leave infected IECs and infect other cells is not clear.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Exosomes Facilitate Transmission of Enterovirus A71 From Human Intestinal Epithelial Cells

Huang

Lin

Chiang

et al. 2020

The Journal of Infectious Diseases

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Abstract Background Enterovirus A71 (EV-A71) has been noted for its tendency to lead to neurological manifestations in young children and infants. Although the alimentary tract has been identified as the primary replication site of this virus, how EV-A71 replicates in the gut and is transmitted to other organs remains unclear. Methods By using differentiated C2BBe1 cells as a model, we observed that intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) were permissive to EV-A71 infection, and viral particles were released in a nonlytic manner. Results The coexistence of active caspase 3 and EV-A71 protein was observed in the infected undifferentiated C2BBe1 and RD cells but not in the infected differentiated C2BBe1 cells. Furthermore, EV-A71 infection caused differentiated C2BBe1 and intestinal organoids to secrete exosomes containing viral components and have the ability to establish active infection. Inhibition of the exosome pathway decreased EV-A71 replication and release in IECs and increased the survival rates of infected animals. Conclusions Our findings showed that EV-A71 is able to be actively replicated in enterocytes, and that the exosome pathway is involved in the nonlytic release of viral particles, which may be useful for developing antiviral strategies.

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“…Several studies have demonstrated that circRNAs are abundant in the circulatory system of COVID-19 patients and may be reliable biomarkers of disease progression or prognosis (15)(16)(17). A study by Wu Y et al (11) found that 114 DE circRNAs in SARS-CoV-2-infected peripheral blood were associated with exosomes, which could not only promote infection but also activate the body's immune response (99,100). Moreover, recent studies have demonstrated that exosomes may be a key factor in the recurrence of COVID-19 (101).…”

Section: Prospects Of the Clinical Application Of Circrnas In Covid-1...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Circular RNAs as emerging regulators in COVID-19 pathogenesis and progression

Gao¹,

Fang²,

Liang³

et al. 2022

Front. Immunol.

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Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), an infectious acute respiratory disease caused by a newly emerging RNA virus, is a still-growing pandemic that has caused more than 6 million deaths globally and has seriously threatened the lives and health of people across the world. Currently, several drugs have been used in the clinical treatment of COVID-19, such as small molecules, neutralizing antibodies, and monoclonal antibodies. In addition, several vaccines have been used to prevent the spread of the pandemic, such as adenovirus vector vaccines, inactivated vaccines, recombinant subunit vaccines, and nucleic acid vaccines. However, the efficacy of vaccines and the onset of adverse reactions vary among individuals. Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that circular RNAs (circRNAs) are crucial regulators of viral infections and antiviral immune responses and are heavily involved in COVID-19 pathologies. During novel coronavirus infection, circRNAs not only directly affect the transcription process and interfere with viral replication but also indirectly regulate biological processes, including virus-host receptor binding and the immune response. Consequently, understanding the expression and function of circRNAs during severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection will provide novel insights into the development of circRNA-based methods. In this review, we summarize recent progress on the roles and underlying mechanisms of circRNAs that regulate the inflammatory response, viral replication, immune evasion, and cytokines induced by SARS-CoV-2 infection, and thus highlighting the diagnostic and therapeutic challenges in the treatment of COVID-19 and future research directions.

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Transmission of Cricket paralysis virus via exosome-like vesicles during infection of Drosophila cells

Cited by 9 publications

References 49 publications

Virus Diversity and Loads in Crickets Reared for Feed: Implications for Husbandry

Virus Diversity and Loads in Crickets Reared for Feed: Implications for Husbandry

Exosomes Facilitate Transmission of Enterovirus A71 From Human Intestinal Epithelial Cells

Circular RNAs as emerging regulators in COVID-19 pathogenesis and progression

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