Transmission of<i>Bordetella holmesii</i>during Pertussis Outbreak, Japan

Kamiya, Hajime; Otsuka, Nao; Ando, Yumiko; Odaira, F; Yoshino, Shuji; Kawano, Keiichi; Takahashi, Hirokazu; Nishida, Toshihide; Hidaka, Yoshio; Toyoizumi-Ajisaka, Hiromi; Shibayama, Keigo; Kamachi, Kazunari; Sunagawa, Tomimasa; Taniguchi, Kiyosu; Okabe, Nobuhiko

doi:10.3201/eid1807.120130

Cited by 61 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Another possible reason for the highest positivity rates in preteens and teenagers could be the presence of Bordetella holmesii infection or B. pertussis/B. holmesii coinfection (9)(10)(11). This possibility could not be assessed in our study, as the IS481 target does not differentiate between the two species, and B. holmesiispecific testing was not performed.…”

Section: Fig 1 Prevalence Of Pcr Tests Positive For Pertussis From Jucontrasting

confidence: 40%

Comparison of Rates of Positivity for Bordetella pertussis by Real-Time PCR between Specimens Collected with Rayon Swabs on Aluminum Wire Shaft in Amies Gel with Charcoal and Specimens Collected with Flocked Swabs in Universal Viral Transport Medium during an Epidemic

Arbefeville

Ferrieri

2014

J Clin Microbiol

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A comparison of real-time PCR positivity rates for Bordetella pertussis between specimens collected with rayon swabs on an aluminum wire shaft in Amies gel with charcoal and those collected with flocked swabs in universal viral transport medium during an epidemic revealed that their performances were comparable. Since Jules Bordet and Octave Gengou first isolated Bordetella pertussis, the bacillus responsible for whooping cough, in 1906 using their specific medium, named Bordet-Gengou agar (1), the laboratory diagnosis of pertussis has greatly improved with increased sensitivity of detection and a shorter time to diagnosis. The introduction of nucleic acid amplification testing (NAAT), which is faster and more sensitive than culture for the detection of B. pertussis in respiratory specimens, has revolutionized the laboratory diagnosis of pertussis (2). It has also permitted new collecting devices, like flocked swabs in universal transport medium (UTM), to be considered for the collection and transport of specimens for B. pertussis testing. The nylon-flocked swab provides better entrapment during collection and better release of microorganisms than do other swabs (3, 4, 5). However, no studies evaluating the performance of flocked swabs in UTM as collecting devices in the detection of Bordetella by NAAT have been published.(This study was presented in part at the 113th General Meeting of the American Society for Microbiology, Denver, CO, 18 to 21 May 2013.)When PCR testing for the detection of B. pertussis in respiratory specimens was introduced in our laboratory, validation studies with spiking experiments, serial dilutions, and determinations of the lower limit of detection were performed to validate the acceptability of flocked swabs in UTM as a collection device (data not shown). To further evaluate the performance of the flocked swabs in UTM, we compared the real-time PCR positivity rate for B. pertussis between specimens collected with the BD BBL CultureSwab Plus Amies gel with charcoal and BD universal viral transport medium with flocked swabs during a pertussis epidemic to assess if one was superior to the other.The study was initiated during an epidemic of B. pertussis in Minnesota and was conducted over a period of 6 months, from 26 June to 31 December 2012. The specimens were sent mainly from local pediatric and family practice clinics and from a university children's hospital. In general, the transportation time was Ͻ24 h. The caregivers had the choice of sending nasopharyngeal wash or nasopharyngeal swab specimens for B. pertussis testing by PCR. If they chose to send a nasopharyngeal swab specimen, they then chose one of two main collection devices, the rayon swab in Amies gel with charcoal or the flocked swab in UTM.The BD BBL CultureSwab Plus Amies gel with a charcoal unit consists of a regular rayon wound-fiber tip on an aluminum wire shaft and a transport tube with Amies gel enriched with charcoal. The BD universal viral transport system comprises a package containing a peel pouch incorporating ...

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Section: Fig 1 Prevalence Of Pcr Tests Positive For Pertussis From Jucontrasting

confidence: 40%

Comparison of Rates of Positivity for Bordetella pertussis by Real-Time PCR between Specimens Collected with Rayon Swabs on Aluminum Wire Shaft in Amies Gel with Charcoal and Specimens Collected with Flocked Swabs in Universal Viral Transport Medium during an Epidemic

Arbefeville

Ferrieri

2014

J Clin Microbiol

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“…During an outbreak in Japan, Kamiya [13] observed epidemiological links between patients, suggesting that B. holmesii might have been transmitted from person to person. However, as previously stated, no other diagnostic tests were undertaken to check that B. holmesii was really the source of the whooping cough symptoms.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This poses a potential problem, because the diagnosis of B. pertussis infection is based on the PCR detection of IS481 sequences. The development of specific PCR diagnosis for B. holmesii infection, targeting the recA gene [7][8][9], or the transposase IS1001bho [10], the amplification of specific target as bhoE [11] or the sequencing of 16sRNA or OmpA [12] has made it possible for a number of retrospective studies to demonstrate an increase in the number of reported cases of respiratory infections due to B. holmesii over the last few years [10,11,[13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21]. We wondered whether this increase in detection reflected a real increase in the number of infections or was simply a consequence of the increasing use of RT-PCR targeting IS481 for the diagnosis of B. pertussis since 2005.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

<i>Bordetella holmesii</i>: Comparison of Two Isolates from Blood and a Respiratory Sample

Bouchez

Guiso²

2013

AID

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Interest in Bordetella holmesii is increasing, but very little is known about this bacterium, which can be isolated from both blood and respiratory samples. In this study, we compared a B. holmesii isolate from the blood sample of an adult with bacteremia with another isolate from a nasopharyngeal swab from an adult with whooping cough syndrome. Genetic analysis was carried out, targeting relevant genes, and virulence properties were studied in cellular and animal models. Our genomic analysis provided no evidence of traits specific to either blood or respiratory isolates of B. holmesii. Neither isolate was cytotoxic to human tracheal epithelial cells. Both isolates were only weakly invasive and they did not persist within epithelial cells for less than 48 h.

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“…In Japan, children receive 4 doses of the DTaP vaccine, with 3 primary doses and a single booster dose at ages 3, 4, 5, and 18 to 23 months. Thus, a decreased protective effect of the vaccine may contribute to the increasing frequency of pertussis in the last decade on college campuses and in high schools and offices in Japan (6)(7)(8)(9)(10). Pertussis prevention among young adults is important because unrecognized adult pertussis is the major source of pertussis in young infants, in whom the disease can be severe and fatal (2).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunogenicity and Safety after Booster Vaccination of Diphtheria, Tetanus, and Acellular Pertussis in Young Adults: an Open Randomized Controlled Trial in Japan

Hara

Okada

Yamaguchi

et al. 2013

Clin Vaccine Immunol

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The recent increase of pertussis in young adults in Japan is hypothesized to be due in part to waning protection from the acellular pertussis vaccine. While a booster immunization may prevent an epidemic of pertussis among these young adults, little is known about the safety and immunogenicity of such a booster with the diphtheria, tetanus, and acellular pertussis vaccine (DTaP), which is currently available in Japan. One hundred and eleven medical students with a mean age of 19.4 years were randomly divided into 2 groups of 55 and 56 subjects and received, respectively, 0.2 or 0.5 ml of DTaP. Immunogenicity was assessed by performing the immunoassay using serum, and the geometric mean concentration (GMC), GMC ratio (GMCR), seropositive rate, and booster response rate were calculated. Adverse reactions and adverse events were monitored for 7 days after vaccination. After booster vaccination in the two groups, significant increases were found in the antibodies against pertussis toxin, filamentous hemagglutinin, diphtheria toxoid, and tetanus toxoid, and the booster response rates for all subjects reached 100%. The GMCs and GMCRs against all antigens were significantly higher in the 0.5-ml group than in the 0.2-ml group. No serious adverse events were observed. Frequencies of local reactions were similar in the 2 groups, although the frequency of severe local swelling was significantly higher in the 0.5-ml group. These data support the acceptability of booster immunization using both 0.2 and 0.5 ml of DTaP for young adults for controlling pertussis. (This study was registered at UMIN-CTR under registration number UMIN000010672.)

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Transmission ofBordetella holmesiiduring Pertussis Outbreak, Japan

Cited by 61 publications

References 14 publications

Comparison of Rates of Positivity for Bordetella pertussis by Real-Time PCR between Specimens Collected with Rayon Swabs on Aluminum Wire Shaft in Amies Gel with Charcoal and Specimens Collected with Flocked Swabs in Universal Viral Transport Medium during an Epidemic

Comparison of Rates of Positivity for Bordetella pertussis by Real-Time PCR between Specimens Collected with Rayon Swabs on Aluminum Wire Shaft in Amies Gel with Charcoal and Specimens Collected with Flocked Swabs in Universal Viral Transport Medium during an Epidemic

<i>Bordetella holmesii</i>: Comparison of Two Isolates from Blood and a Respiratory Sample

Immunogenicity and Safety after Booster Vaccination of Diphtheria, Tetanus, and Acellular Pertussis in Young Adults: an Open Randomized Controlled Trial in Japan

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Transmission ofBordetella holmesiiduring Pertussis Outbreak, Japan

Cited by 61 publications

References 14 publications

Comparison of Rates of Positivity for Bordetella pertussis by Real-Time PCR between Specimens Collected with Rayon Swabs on Aluminum Wire Shaft in Amies Gel with Charcoal and Specimens Collected with Flocked Swabs in Universal Viral Transport Medium during an Epidemic

Comparison of Rates of Positivity for Bordetella pertussis by Real-Time PCR between Specimens Collected with Rayon Swabs on Aluminum Wire Shaft in Amies Gel with Charcoal and Specimens Collected with Flocked Swabs in Universal Viral Transport Medium during an Epidemic

&lt;i&gt;Bordetella holmesii&lt;/i&gt;: Comparison of Two Isolates from Blood and a Respiratory Sample

Immunogenicity and Safety after Booster Vaccination of Diphtheria, Tetanus, and Acellular Pertussis in Young Adults: an Open Randomized Controlled Trial in Japan

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<i>Bordetella holmesii</i>: Comparison of Two Isolates from Blood and a Respiratory Sample