Transmission of Non-A, Non-B Hepatitis From Man to Chimpanzee

Tabor, Edward; Drucker, J; Hoofnagle, J H; April, Milton; Rj, Gerety; Seeff, L. B.; Jackson, DanielR.; Lf, Barker; Pineda-Tamondong, Geronima

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(78)90132-0

Cited by 278 publications

(81 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Thus, the sensitivity of riboprobe hybridization falls within the range reported for HCV RNA PCR (21,24). Based on evidence that the average infectivity titer of infectious human plasma is 10-2 to IO-' CID50/ml (37), riboprobe hybridization would be expected to identify infectious carriers. Regardless ofthe precise sensitivity, the high concordance of the riboprobe hybridization and HCV RNA PCR indicates an appropriate sensitivity for clinical application.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

Direct detection of circulating hepatitis C virus RNA using probes from the 5' untranslated region.

Hu¹,

Yu²,

Vierling³

1992

J. Clin. Invest.

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Diagnostic testing for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection currently is based on the presence of anti-HCV antibodies or a positive HCV RNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test. Although HCV RNA PCR is a sensitive and specific technique, widespread application is limited. Moreover, HCV RNA PCR is subject to false-positive reactions through contamination and is inherently difficult to standardize and quantitate. To overcome limitations of HCV RNA PCR, we produced both cDNA and riboprobes from a 241 nucleotide sequence of the 5' untranslated region of the HCV genome for slot hybridization. Hybridization was absent using normal human serum, horse serum, or hepatic cellular RNA from noninfected liver. Hybridization occurred predominantly with positive-stranded HCV RNA and was abolished by pretreatment with RNase A. Slot hybridization was performed on serum samples from 60 patients with chronic HCV infection and a positive HCV RNA PCR and 20 patients with liver diseases unrelated to HCV who had a negative HCV RNA PCR. Slot hybridization with cDNA and riboprobes showed concordance with HCV RNA PCR of 95 and 983%, respectively. There were no false-positive reactions in controls. The sensitivity of riboprobe hybridization was comparable to that of one stage HCV RNA PCR using 5' untranslated region primers. Riboprobe hybridization with the HCV H strain standard was positive in the dilution corresponding to 10' chimpanzee infectious doses5o/ml. The density of the hybridization signals correlated significantly with the mass of an RNA standard extracted from the liver of a patient with HCV infection. The relative quantities of HCV RNA in the sera of selected patients varied and were not correlated with the duration of disease or the histopathological stage. The highest relative quantities were associated with concurrent immunosuppression. We conclude that slot hybridization is a sensitive, specific alternative to HCV RNA PCR that can be directly quantitated using appropriate HCV RNA standards. (J. Clin.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

Direct detection of circulating hepatitis C virus RNA using probes from the 5' untranslated region.

Hu¹,

Yu²,

Vierling³

1992

J. Clin. Invest.

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“…In the past, experimental infections of the chimpanzee established hepatitis C (then known as parenterally transmitted non-A, non-B hepatitis) as a distinct disease entity and also provided unique biological samples that facilitated the identification and molecular cloning of the responsible virus (43,44). The chimpanzee model has also played a key role in the preclinical evaluation of candidate hepatitis C vaccines (45).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of a Cell Culture-Derived Genotype 1a Hepatitis C Virus (H77S.2) during Persistent Infection with Chronic Hepatitis in a Chimpanzee

Joyce

et al. 2014

J Virol

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Persistent infection is a key feature of hepatitis C virus (HCV). IMPORTANCEThis study shows that mutations promoting the production of infectious genotype 1a HCV in cell culture have the opposite effect and attenuate replication in the liver of the only fully permissive animal species other than humans. It provides the only example to date of persistent infection in a chimpanzee challenged with cell culture-produced virus and provides novel insight into the forces shaping molecular evolution of that virus during 5 years of persistent infection. It demonstrates that a poorly fit virus can replicate for weeks within the liver in the absence of detectable viremia, an observation that expands current concepts of HCV pathogenesis and that is relevant to relapses observed with direct-acting antiviral therapies.

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“…The lack of strong natural immunity in humans and chimpanzees (14,35), the only reproducible animal model for HCV infection (1,4,41), has been cited as evidence against successful vaccines (16). Despite this concern, studies in chimpanzees have demonstrated that animals can develop immunity to an isolate-specific challenge (8).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Intrahepatic Genetic Inoculation of Hepatitis C Virus RNA Confers Cross-Protective Immunity

Weiner¹,

Paliard²,

Selby³

et al. 2001

J Virol

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Naturally occurring hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection has long been thought to induce a weak immunity which is insufficient to protect an individual from subsequent infections and has cast doubt on the ability to develop effective vaccines. A series of intrahepatic genetic inoculations (IHGI) with type 1a HCV RNA were performed in a chimpanzee to determine whether a form of genetic immunization might stimulate protective immunity. We demonstrate that the chimpanzee not only developed protective immunity to the homologous type 1a RNA after rechallenge by IHGI but was also protected from chronic HCV infection after sequential rechallenge with 100 50% chimpanzee infectious doses of a heterologous type 1a (H77) and 1b (HC-J4) whole-virus inoculum. These results offer encouragement to pursue the development of HCV vaccines.

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Transmission of Non-A, Non-B Hepatitis From Man to Chimpanzee

Cited by 278 publications

References 17 publications

Direct detection of circulating hepatitis C virus RNA using probes from the 5' untranslated region.

Direct detection of circulating hepatitis C virus RNA using probes from the 5' untranslated region.

Evolution of a Cell Culture-Derived Genotype 1a Hepatitis C Virus (H77S.2) during Persistent Infection with Chronic Hepatitis in a Chimpanzee

Intrahepatic Genetic Inoculation of Hepatitis C Virus RNA Confers Cross-Protective Immunity

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