Transmission of Paratuberculosis

Sweeney, Raymond W.

doi:10.1016/s0749-0720(15)30408-4

Cited by 319 publications

(273 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…In domestic livestock, the most likely source of mother-to-offspring transmission is considered to be fecal contamination of the birthing pen. 20 Births at the ZSSD most often occur in large field exhibits of several acres (as opposed to small pens); the environments are relatively clean, and fecal matter is usually removed on a daily basis. Transmission in utero or through Map directly shed in milk or colostrum 20,26 remain intriguing alternative hypotheses for infection maintenance in the ZSSD population.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1,2 Young animals, which are considered far more susceptible than adults, 8,10,25 are thought to acquire the infection from their mothers through suckling on manure stained teats, ingesting contaminated material in the calving pen, or ingesting bacteria shed directly in the mothers' milk or colostrum. 20 In utero transmission can also occur. 26 For these reasons, Johne's disease control policies for infected herds recommend that offspring be promptly removed from their dams and bottle-fed milk replacer, pasteurized milk, or milk from test-negative animals after birth.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Association between Mycobacterium Avium Subsp. Paratuberculosis Infection among Offspring and their Dams in Nondomestic Ruminant Species Housed in a Zoo

2009

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Abstract. The objective of the present study was to determine whether offspring of dams infected with Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (Map) have an increased risk for Map infection. Antemortem and postmortem disease surveillance data were used to identify positive and test-negative ruminants born at the Zoological Society of San Diego (ZSSD) between 1991 and 2007 and to estimate cumulative lifetime incidence. A matched case-control study, nested within the population, was conducted and conditional logistic regression analyses were used to quantify the association between infection status of offspring and their dams. Cases (infected ruminants, n 5 47) were matched to controls (test-negative ruminants, n 5 152) by species, birth date, birth enclosure, and follow-up time to control for confounding factors. The overall cumulative lifetime incidence of infection was estimated at 2.2%, but it decreased over time and varied by species. There was a significant association between infection status of offspring and their dams (odds ratio [OR] 5 6.8, P , 0.01), which is consistent with studies in domestic livestock species. The association was stronger for animals whose dam was diagnosed within 2 years of their birth (OR 5 9.0, P , 0.01) than for animals whose dam was diagnosed more than 2 years after their birth (OR 5 6.0, P , 0.01) compared to animals with test-negative dams. For positive animals born to a positive dam, 85.3% of the Map infections were attributable to having a positive dam. For the entire population of ZSSD ruminants, 36.8% of the cases were attributable to having a positive dam. Findings will help guide future management of Map infection in zoo ruminant populations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between Mycobacterium Avium Subsp. Paratuberculosis Infection among Offspring and their Dams in Nondomestic Ruminant Species Housed in a Zoo

2009

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“…Excretion of M. paratuberculosis in the faeces from infected cattle may begin long before the development of the first clinical signs, but the dissemination increases with the progression of the infection. Dissemination of the bacteria to susceptible animals is horizontal through faeces, but also vertical, mainly through the milk route [20]. In the absence of clinical signs, 54 R. Pouillot et al…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A deterministic and stochastic simulation model for intra-herd paratuberculosis transmission

Pouillot¹,

Dufour²,

Durand³

2004

Vet. Res.

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-In France, the considerable economic losses due to paratuberculosis introduction in cattle herds may justify the development of a herd-level certification procedure. For a cost/benefit analysis purpose, a simple deterministic and stochastic simulation model for intra-herd paratuberculosis transmission has been developed to evaluate the economic consequences of the purchase of a single infected heifer in a French average herd. The values of the epidemiological parameters were provided by a panel of French paratuberculosis experts. The results were in adequacy with field observations. A sensitivity analysis was conducted. The model was however difficult to validate rigorously, since few data on the intra-herd paratuberculosis true prevalence level are currently available. paratuberculosis / stochastic model / deterministic model / sensitivity analysis

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“…Apesar de 53,8% (7/13) dos animais serem positivos para PTB, para a confirmação do diagnóstico existe a necessidade da obtenção de dados epidemiológicos sobre o status da enfermidade em um rebanho ou em uma região, e da realização de exames complementares. Sweeney (1996) estimou que para cada caso clínico confirmado de PTB existam 15 a 25 animais subclínicos. Baseado nesta estimativa pressupõe-se que as propriedades estudadas apresentam uma situação crítica quanto ao número de animais contaminados no rebanho.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Teores de cobre, zinco e ferro no fígado de búfalos (Bubalus bubalis) com paratuberculose

et al. 2016

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Resumo: Com o objetivo de realizar um estudo dos teores de cobre (Cu), zinco (Zn) e ferro (Fe) em búfalas com paratuberculose (PTB) foram utilizadas 13 búfalas, das raças Murrah, Mediterrâneo e seus mestiços acima de três anos de idade, pertencentes a duas propriedades localizadas nos municípios de São Luiz e São Mateus, no Estado do Maranhão. Os animais foram selecionados de acordo com a presença de sinais clínicos sugestivos de paratuberculose, caracterizados por estado nutricional regular a ruim, diarreia crônica líquida a semi-líquida, desidratação, edema submandibular, anestro prolongado, mastites e verminose gastrintestinal. Foi realizada biópsia retal em todos os animais, para detecção de Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (Map) por meio da qPCR, e exames histopatológicos (HE e Ziehl-Neelsen). No Grupo1 sete animais foram positivos para presença de Map, e no Grupo 2 seis foram negativos. Todos os búfalos foram eutanasiados e necropsiados para coleta de diversos tecidos. Parte dos fragmentos foram fixados em formol a 10% para histopatologia e fragmentos de tecido hepático foram congelados para as dosagens dos microminerais (Cu, Zn e Fe). À necropsia todos os animais positivos para PTB apresentavam linfonodos mesentéricos de coloração castanha sugestiva de hemossiderose. Adicionalmente, em um animal foram observados pequenos pontos de cor marrom distribuídos difusamente na mucosa do intestino delgado. Na histopatologia foi observada hemossiderose moderada a acentuada no baço dos animais do Grupo 1. Na dosagem dos microminerais todos os animais com PTB apresentaram níveis abaixo dos valores de referência para Cu e Zn. Observou-se que a média dos teores de Cu dos búfalos com PTB foi 18,0ppm e de Zn 68,6ppm. No Grupo 2 a média dos teores de Cu foi 113,7ppm e de Zn 110,0ppm. Os teores de Fe em ambos os grupos foram elevados (>670ppm). Baseado nos achados clínico-patológicos e nas dosagens de minerais realizadas neste estudo, conclui-se que na região estudada, a PTB agravou o quadro clínico de animais com deficiência de Cu e Zn. Em áreas menos deficientes desses minerais sugere-se que a doença seja capaz de induzir quadros de deficiência mineral secundária.

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Transmission of Paratuberculosis

Cited by 319 publications

References 18 publications

Association between Mycobacterium Avium Subsp. Paratuberculosis Infection among Offspring and their Dams in Nondomestic Ruminant Species Housed in a Zoo

Association between Mycobacterium Avium Subsp. Paratuberculosis Infection among Offspring and their Dams in Nondomestic Ruminant Species Housed in a Zoo

A deterministic and stochastic simulation model for intra-herd paratuberculosis transmission

Teores de cobre, zinco e ferro no fígado de búfalos (Bubalus bubalis) com paratuberculose

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