Transmission of Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus, the Causal Agent of Bud Necrosis of Peanut, byScirtothrips dorsalisandFrankliniella schultzei

Abstract

Tomato spotted wilt virus, the cause of bud necrosis of peanut, was transmitted by Scirtothrips dorsalis and Frankliniella schultzei. S. dorsalis is a new vector of the virus, but it is a less efficient vector than F. schultzei. Hemagglutination tests detected viral antigens in extracts from both thrips speSesexppsSa to ihffctedleavesT B ud necrosis is p ro b a b ly the m ost i m p o r t a n t v ir a l d is e a s e o f p e a n u t (A rachis hypogaea L.) in India (3,6). U ntil 1977, the v ecto r was unknow n,, a lth o u g h several insects including A p h is craccivora K och, E m poasca devastans Stal, O rosius spp., Bem isia tabaci G enn., and Tetranychus spp. h ad been tested (8,11,12,16, A m in unpublished).Initial investigations a t the International C rops R esearch In stitu te fo r th e Sem i-A rid T ropics research center show ed th a t th rip s w ere the m ost com m on insect pests a t the tim e o f disease developm ent, b o th d u rin g an d after rainy seasons (A m in, unpublished). Recently, the disease was show n to be caused by to m a to sp o tted w ilt virus (T SW V ), w hich is tran sm itte d by th rip s (6,14). T he m o st a b u n d a n t th rip s on p e a n u ts in H y d e ra b a d are S c i r t o t h r i p s d o r s a l i s H o o d a n d F r a n k l i n i e l l a s c h u l t z e i ( T r y b o m ), and p relim in ary tests show ed th a t the fo rm er tran sm its the causal virus o f bud necrosis (1).Approved as IC R 1SA T jo u rn al article 142.Accepted fo r publication 25 N ovember 1980.0191 -2917/81/08066303/$03.00/0 ®1981 Am erican P hytopathological S o ciety T his p a p er describes fu rth e r research o n the tran sm issio n o f T SW V by S. dorsalis, on the role o f F. sch u ltzei as a n o th e r vector, an d on the ap p licatio n of the h e m ag g lu tin atio n technique to detect viral antigen in th rip s, M A T E R IA L S A N D M E T H O D SP e a n u t (cv. TM V -2) p lan ts infected by sa p i n o c u l a ti o n (5) w e re u se d f o r a cq u isitio n feeding tests. In prelim inary ex p erim en ts, term in al leaves o f infected p lan ts were the best source o f inociilum . P e a n u t seedlings in th e second q u ad rifoliate stage were used as test plants in' early experim ents, b u t u rd bean-, ( Vigna m u n g o L. cv. U P U r l ) w as la te r su b stitu te d fo r p e a n u t since it was m ore susceptible an d show ed sym ptom s in 15-20 days co m p ared w ith 30-40 days fo r pean u t.V irus-free colonies were in itiated from 5-10 a d u lt th rip s collected in th e field and ra is e d o n p e a n u t p la n t s . A p e a n u t seedling, w ith the ro o ts rem oved, was placed in a screw -capped 500-ml plastic ja r contain in g w ater an d th e n enclosed in a la n te rn globe. Five to ten th rip s were released in to each cage a n d allow ed to o v iposit fo r 24 h r. T he new ly hatch ed nym phs were tran sfe rred to a new set of h e a lth y p e a n u ts e n c lo s e d in la n te r n ' globes. A glass funnel w ith a sm all glass vial (3 X 1 cm ) in serted in its stem was a tta ch...

Plant Viruses Transmitted by Thrips

“…dorsalis has been reported to transmit GBNV (Amin et al, 1981), but there is some doubt now as to the validity of this record (Palmer et al, 1990). S. dorsalis has been found to transmit Groundnut chlorotic fan-spot virus (GCFV) and Groundnut yellow spot virus (GYSV) .…”

“…S. dorsalis was reported as the least efficient vector. T. tabaci was found not to be a vector (Amin et al, 1981). However, S. dorsalis was found later not to be a vector and F. schultzei only transmitted the virus at a very low frequency (2%) in the laboratory (Lakshmi et al, 1995).…”

A Photo-Based Key of Thrips (Thysanoptera) Associated with Horticultural Crops in Florida

“…Thrips vectors can include Frankliniella bispinosa (Webb et al 1998), F. intonsa (Wijkamp et al 1995), F. fusca, F. occidentalis, F. schultzei, Thrips palmi, T. setosus and T. tabaci. T. flavus (Singh and Krishnareddy 1996), F. tenuicornis (Kormelink 1994) and Scirtothrips dorsalis (Amin et al 1981) have been reported as vectors, but their status as such has yet to be confirmed.…”

Dna Barcoding and Development of Species-Specific Markers for the Identification of Tea Mosquito Bugs (Miridae: Heteroptera) in India

“…In this regard, DNA barcoding can be an added advantage and an effective tool for molecular species identification (Brunner et al 2004;Glover et al 2010; Lee et al 2010), elucidation of biotypes or cryptic species, and host associated genetic differences (Shufran et al 2000;Brunner et al 2004) and species discovery in insects. Additionally, DNA barcoding could also be used in the identification of unknown thrips species that co-exist in a cropping system, since one particular Tospovirus disease may sometimes be vectored by more than one species of thrips (Wijkamp et al 1995;Kadirvel et al 2013;Amin et al 1981). …”