Transmission of Tuberculosis in Resource-Limited Settings

Kompala, Tejaswi; Shenoi, Sheela; Friedland, Gerald

doi:10.1007/s11904-013-0164-x

Cited by 53 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 36 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…One vital component of this strategy is improved infection control measures in health facilities to reduce transmission, where effective use of personal protective equipment (PPE) is necessary (WHO, 2015; Menon, 2013; WHO, 2014; Buregyeya et al, 2013). However, healthcare facilities in LMICs rarely implement recommended TB infection control measures due to financial and resource constraints (Menon, 2013; Gonzalez-Angulo et al, 2013; Buregyeya et al, 2013; Kompala, Shenoi & Friedland, 2013) and health care workers (HCWs) are at greater risk of contracting drug-resistant TB as a result (O’Donnell et al, 2010; Joshi et al, 2006). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The tuberculocidal activity of polyaniline and functionalised polyanilines

Robertson

Dalton

Wiles

et al. 2016

PeerJ

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Tuberculosis is considered a leading cause of death worldwide. More than 95% of cases and deaths occur in low-and middle-income countries. In resource-limited countries, hospitals often lack adequate facilities to manage and isolate patients with infectious tuberculosis (TB), relying instead on personal protective equipment, such as facemasks, to reduce nosocomial transmission of the disease. Facemasks impregnated with an antimicrobial agent may be a cost-effective way of adding an extra level of protection against the spread of TB by reducing the risk of disease transmission. Conducting polymers, such as polyaniline (PANI), and their functionalised derivatives are a novel class of antimicrobial agents with potential as non-leaching additives to provide contamination resistant surfaces. We have investigated the antimicrobial action of PANI and a functionalised derivative, poly-3-aminobenzoic acid (P3ABA), against mycobacteria and have determined the optimal treatment time and concentration to achieve significant knockdown of Mycobacterium smegmatis and Mycobacterium tuberculosis on an agar surface. Results indicated that P3ABA is a potential candidate for use as an anti-tuberculoid agent in facemasks to reduce TB transmission.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The tuberculocidal activity of polyaniline and functionalised polyanilines

Robertson

Dalton

Wiles

et al. 2016

PeerJ

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…While some countries are making progress towards the Millennium Development Goal of reversing the overall rates and numbers of TB by 2015, progress remains limited in other countries. 1 More than 80% of the world’s TB cases are found in 22 countries, with 40% of cases in China and India alone. 1 Although it contains only 11% of the world’s population, the African continent makes up 24% of global TB cases and 34% of TB-related deaths.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1 More than 80% of the world’s TB cases are found in 22 countries, with 40% of cases in China and India alone. 1 Although it contains only 11% of the world’s population, the African continent makes up 24% of global TB cases and 34% of TB-related deaths. 1,2 The high occurrence of TB continues to be driven by the ongoing human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic, weak health care systems and a lack of laboratories.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Tuberculosis incidence and treatment completion among Ugandan prison inmates

Schwitters¹,

Kaggwa²,

Omiel³

et al. 2014

int j tuberc lung dis

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

SUMMARY BACKGROUND The Uganda Prisons Service (UPS) is responsible for the health of approximately 32 500 inmates in 233 prisons. In 2008 a rapid UPS assessment estimated TB prevalence at 654/100 000, three times that of the general population (183/100 000). Although treatment programs exist, little is known about treatment completion in sub-Saharan African prisons. METHODS We conducted a retrospective study of Ugandan prisoners diagnosed with TB from June 2011 to November 2012. We analyzed TB diagnosis, TB-HIV comorbidity and treatment completion from national registers and tracked prison transfers and releases. RESULTS A total of 469 prisoners were diagnosed with TB over the 1.5-year period (incidence 955/100 000 person-years). Of 466 prisoners starting treatment, 48% completed treatment, 43% defaulted, 5% died and 4% were currently on treatment. During treatment, 12% of prisoners remaining in the same prison defaulted, 53% of transfers defaulted and 81% of those released were lost to follow-up. The odds of defaulting were 8.36 times greater among prisoners who were transferred during treatment. CONCLUSIONS TB incidence and treatment default are high among Ugandan prisoners. Strategies to improve treatment completion and prevent multidrug resistance could include avoiding transfer of TB patients, improving communications between prisons to ensure treatment follow-up after transfer and facilitating transfer to community clinics for released prisoners.

show abstract

“…The absence or limited application of these measures has been linked to TB outbreaks, while effective implementation is associated with reduced transmission. [3][4][5][6][7] Common barriers to the implementation of TB-specific IC measures include inadequate infrastructure, understaffing, poor adherence to recommendations, misuse of personal protective equipment, and lack of awareness about nosocomial infections. [8][9][10] To complement the integration of TB and other services, we developed an expanded IC plan that addresses general and disease-specific measures and integrates local and international guidelines.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%