“…As the bones are highly scattering media, the authors decided to use the optical coherence tomography (OCT, pioneered by David Huang, James G. Fujimoto, and co-workers in 1991 [ 18 ]). In addition to OCT, other measurement techniques for highly scattering media investigation, such as methods using integration spheres [ 19 , 20 ], time-of-flight spectroscopy [ 21 , 22 ], photoacoustic microscopy and spectroscopy [ 23 , 24 ], optical diffuse tomography [ 25 , 26 ], optical diffraction tomography [ 27 , 28 ], optical projection tomography (or optical transmission tomography) [ 29 , 30 ], and transmission optical coherence tomography [ 31 , 32 ], are known. However, these methods either may only be performed in vitro (which is a major limitation if future clinical applications are considered) or cannot provide additional information on bone properties (such as birefringence) with high spatial resolution, unlike polarization-sensitive OCT (PS-OCT).…”