Transmission Parameters for Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus by Asian Citrus Psyllid (Hemiptera: Psyllidae)

Pelz‐Stelinski, Kirsten S.; Brlansky, R. H.; Ebert, Timothy A.; Rogers, Michael E.

doi:10.1603/ec10123

Cited by 297 publications

(388 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The difference in infectivity of these two groups of infected adults is modeled by the parameter θ 1 . Initially, transovarial transmission was thought to be absent (19), but recently, there has been some evidence of transovarial transmission (20). Nevertheless, we assume there is no transovarial transmission because it is low, variable, and dependent on environmental conditions (20).…”

Section: Methods and Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Initially, transovarial transmission was thought to be absent (19), but recently, there has been some evidence of transovarial transmission (20). Nevertheless, we assume there is no transovarial transmission because it is low, variable, and dependent on environmental conditions (20). Of most concern are the nymph and adult stages because acquisition feeding can occur during the last nymph stages and the adult stage.…”

Section: Methods and Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The parameter σ=ðσ þ δ e Þ is the probability that a viable egg survives into a first instar nymph. It is assumed that CLas is not pathogenic to psyllids but makes infected psyllids more fertile and makes them lay more eggs than their noninfected counterparts (20). The rate at which susceptible plants are infected, β p can be described as β p ¼ ρπ p ω, where ω is the average time spent per visit on a plant, π −1 p is the mean time a psyllid must feed on a plant for inoculation to occur, and ρ is the number of flushes visited per day per vector.…”

Section: Methods and Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(ii) Nymphs are not subdivided over five stages (2) in the model. Fourth-and fifth-instar nymphs acquire Liberibacter cells more readily than younger nymphs (18,20), and the pathogen likely multiplies inside the nymphs (28), but multiplication of Liberibacter is not part of this model, because not enough is known about acquisition (3). Therefore, the only thing that matters for the outcome of the model is whether adult psyllids acquired the pathogen as nymphs or as adults, because they are more infectious in the first case (18,20).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(iii) The growth, death, and development rates are assumed to be similar for psyllids with and without CLas. In reality, the generation time is shorter for psyllids with the pathogen than for those without (20) and female psyllids with Liberibacter lay more eggs than those without (20). Moreover, the vectors may be more attracted to symptomatic than to asymptomatic flush (29), and this complex interrelationship is not addressed in this model.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Modeling huanglongbing transmission within a citrus tree

Chiyaka

Singer

Halbert

et al. 2012

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

100

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The citrus disease huanglongbing (HLB), associated with an uncultured bacterial pathogen, is threatening the citrus industry worldwide. A mathematical model of the transmission of HLB between its psyllid vector and citrus host has been developed to characterize the dynamics of the vector and disease development, focusing on the spread of the pathogen from flush to flush (a newly developing cluster of very young leaves on the expanding terminal end of a shoot) within a tree. This approach differs from that of prior models for vector-transmitted plant diseases where the entire plant is the unit of analysis. Dynamics of vector and host populations are simulated realistically as the flush population approaches complete infection. Model analysis indicates that vector activity is essential for initial infection but is not necessary for continued infection because infection can occur from flush to flush through internal movement in the tree. Flush production, withintree spread, and latent period are the most important parameters influencing HLB development. The model shows that the effect of spraying of psyllids depends on time of initial spraying, frequency, and efficacy of the insecticides. Similarly, effects of removal of symptomatic flush depend on the frequency of removal and the time of initiation of this practice since the start of the epidemic. Within-tree resistance to spread, possibly affected by inherent or induced resistance, is a major factor affecting epidemic development, supporting the notion that alternate routes of transmission besides that by the vector can be important for epidemic development.greening | Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus | Diaphorina citri

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Section: Methods and Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Methods and Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Methods and Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Modeling huanglongbing transmission within a citrus tree

Chiyaka

Singer

Halbert

et al. 2012

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

100

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C andidatus Liberibacter Species and Associated Plant Diseases

Wang

2017

Encyclopedia of Life Sciences

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Identification of sieve elements and companion cell protoplasts by a combination of brightfield and fluorescence microscopy

2018

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Premise of the StudyPhloem‐limited diseases are becoming increasingly pervasive, threatening the existence of crops worldwide. Studies of phloem diseases are complicated by the inaccessibility of the phloem tissue. Phloem cells are located deep inside the plant body, are interspersed with other cell types, are among the smallest cells in the plant kingdom, and make up a small percentage of the total cell population in a plant. These properties make phloem cells difficult to investigate.MethodsWe used leaf midrib protoplasts and a combination of organelle‐specific dyes including Neutral Red (acidic compartments), MitoTracker Green (mitochondria), Hoechst 3342 (nucleus), and chloroplast autofluorescence. We examined the protoplasts under light and fluorescence microscopy.ResultsWhen observed using brightfield and fluorescence microscopy, sieve element protoplasts were distinguished by the lack of vacuole and a nucleus, and by containing various mitochondria. Companion cells showed a dense cytoplasm and various small vacuoles. They also revealed their characteristic large nucleus and abundant mitochondria.DiscussionWe present evidence that a combination of organelle‐specific dyes and autofluorescence allows for the identification of sieve elements and companion cell protoplasts from citrus leaf tissue.

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Transmission Parameters for Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus by Asian Citrus Psyllid (Hemiptera: Psyllidae)

Cited by 297 publications

References 25 publications

Modeling huanglongbing transmission within a citrus tree

Modeling huanglongbing transmission within a citrus tree

C andidatus Liberibacter Species and Associated Plant Diseases

Identification of sieve elements and companion cell protoplasts by a combination of brightfield and fluorescence microscopy

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