Transmission-Scale Battery Energy Storage Systems: A Systematic Literature Review

Abstract

When the transmission capacity of an electrical system is insufficient to adequately serve customer demand, the transmission system is said to be experiencing congestion. More transmission lines can be built to increase capacity. However, transmission congestion typically only occurs during periods of peak demand, which occur just a few times per year; capitol-intensive investments in new transmission capacity address problems that occur infrequently. Alternative solutions to alleviated transmission congestion have been devised, including generation curtailment, demand response programs, and various remedial action schema. Though not currently a common solution, battery energy storage systems can also provide transmission congestion relief. Technological and market trends indicate the growing production capacity of battery energy storage systems and decreasing prices, which indicate the technology may soon become a viable option for providing congestion relief. Batteries can provide multiple ancillary services, and so can concurrently provide value through multiple revenue streams. In this manuscript, the authors present a systematic review of literature, technology, regulations, and projects related to the use of battery energy storage systems to provide transmission congestion relief.

Determinants of Energy Efficient Innovation: A Systematic Literature Review

“…The systematic literature review (SLR) on the determinants of energy efficient innovation in this study follows the guidelines presented in scientific studies [43]. In particular, SLR is a precise method to summarize the academic literature to answer the research question(s), which is based on a consistent process [44]. The method is grounded on the systematic approach to the collection of secondary data, the critical evaluation of research studies, and the qualitative or quantitative synthesis of the findings [45].…”

Mixed-Integer Programming Model for Transmission Network Expansion Planning with Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS)

“…The inclusion of BESS in transmission systems reduces congestion that occurs when transmission capacity is exceeded by customer demand, especially in scenarios of high-power demand during very short intervals. Battery energy storage systems are an alternative to reduce grid congestion in periods of high demand or increase the energy available for loads without the need for investments in transmission lines [24]. Despite the fact that in the present the energy storage systems with batteries present problems related to high costs, reduced useful life and high maintenance requirements, it is expected that cost reduction and technological advances will allow greater penetration of BESS in transmission networks.…”

A hierarchical optimization technique for placement of battery energy storage system to improve grid transient stability

“…14,15 BESSs possess substantial advantages such as extremely fast response, quick deployment time, high efficiency, flexibility, scalability, modularity, etc., and present themselves as promising assets for grid services. [12][13][14][15][16][17][18] Batteries play critical roles in offsetting the intermittency of renewable sources, extending the life of distributed energy resources, and providing various ancillary services such as frequency regulation, voltage support, black start, etc. [19][20][21] Moreover, the costs of these systems have experienced a downward trend in recent years.…”

“…[19][20][21] Moreover, the costs of these systems have experienced a downward trend in recent years. [15][16][17][18] BESSs with lithium (Li)-ion technologies have the advantages of high specific energy, high energy and power density, high power discharge capability, excellent round-trip efficiency, long calendar and cycle lifetime, low self-discharge rate, lightweight, flexibility, no memory effect, and low maintenance. [22][23][24] As per Schmidt et al, 25 experience rates, that is, the rates at which product prices change, decrease with increasing technology scope for Li-ion technologies.…”