Transnational Advocacy Networks and Policy Cycles in the European Union: The Case of Sexual Harassment

Zippel, Kathrin

doi:10.1093/sp/jxh026

Cited by 85 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Terms like a 'boomerang effect' (Keck and Sikkink 1998), a 'ping-pong effect' (Zippel 2004), and 'dual strategy' (Kohler-Koch 1997) have been used to identify such multilevel strategies. Della Porta and Caiani (2009) use the notion of 'crossed influence' as they argue that current protest activities entail both an element of 'domestication of protest' as social movements continue to approach national governments but with a European 71 agenda and 'externalisation of protest' as domestic actors mobilise at the EU level in an attempt to put pressure on national governments.…”

Section: Routes and Organisational Factors -Taking Stock Of Existingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multilevel Strategies for Political Influence: How and Why Do Domestic Civil Society Organisations Seek Political Influence at National and EU Levels?

Johansson¹,

Scaramuzzino

Wennerhag

2018

JCER

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Section: Routes and Organisational Factors -Taking Stock Of Existingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multilevel Strategies for Political Influence: How and Why Do Domestic Civil Society Organisations Seek Political Influence at National and EU Levels?

Johansson¹,

Scaramuzzino

Wennerhag

2018

JCER

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“…On the other hand, the EES provides a forum through which policymakers are exposed to thought-provoking new ideas about common problems, which they can utilise in their respective national reform eff orts. Th e same interviewee, who is also a member of EMCO, used the apt analogy of a "ping-pong game" to describe how ideas travel from national capitals to Brussels, bounce back to the national capital, and then back again to Brussels and so on (for a similar assessment, see Zippel 2004). Over time, Member States and the Commission take on just a little bit of the others' ideas, and eventually "one can trace ideational changes in party manifestos, as grounds for justifi cation for new legislation, in cabinet resolutions and the like" (interview, BMAS2, my translation).…”

Section: Vi1 Normative/cognitive Dimensionmentioning

confidence: 99%

From the Manpower Revolution to the Activation Paradigm : Explaining Institutional Continuity and Change in an Integrating Europe

Weishaupt¹

2011

100

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“…However, this legislation varies considerably among countries in terms of how it is stated and enforced (Sigal et al 2005). Generally, it has been argued that apart from this legislation, most national governments have remained unresponsive to the issue of SH while in some countries (e.g., the UK) no statutory definition of SH yet exists (Samuels 2004;Zippel 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Public Perceptions of Sexual Harassment: An Empirical Analysis in Israel from Consensus and Feminist Theoretical Perspectives

Herzog

2007

Sex Roles

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Sexual harassment (SH) includes men as harassers and women as victims. It is defined in many Western countries as a criminal offense. However, the social response to SH may be characterized by clear leniency toward harassers. The present study investigated the roots of such response. Respondents from a large, representative, random, Israeli sample (630) were asked to evaluate hypothetical short crime scenarios, constructed by the factorial-survey approach, representing cases of sexual harassment and other offenses. The study hypothesized that respondents' perceptions of SH scenarios will be affected significantly by their gender-role attitudes to women. The findings indicate that such criminal acts are perceived as serious by the whole public, challenging the consensual basis of the lenient approach to harassers. Keywords Sexual harrassment . Seriousness perceptions . IsraelAlthough crime seriousness studies have consistently shown that the public at large perceives sexual offenses as serious offenses, it is not yet clear whether the lay public shares the belief that sexual harassment (henceforth SH) should be considered a criminal offense at all and, if so, whether it is more, equally, or less serious than other unlawful acts. Pursuant to the consensus model of the criminal law, the goal of this study was to assess public perceptions regarding the seriousness of SH and to compare these perceptions with the perceived seriousness of other typical criminal offenses. In this way the present study attempted to examine empirically whether the recent inclusion of this offense in the Israeli law corresponds to the criteria applied by the Israeli public in assessing the seriousness of SH cases. To this end, Israeli respondents were asked to evaluate subjectively the seriousness of, and also to suggest the most appropriate penal measure, for a collection of hypothetical, concrete crime scenarios, entailing both SH, and many other types of offenses. Operationally, unlike other studies conducted on SH in Israel (see Rimalt 2005;Zeira et al. 2002), the research goal of the present study was to assess empirically whether significant differences in the seriousness scores and punishment options assigned to the scenarios would be found between SH and several other forms of offenses.In this study the factorial-design methodology was applied. This technique uses multidimensional hypothetical scenarios presented in a form that combines the benefits of controlled, randomized experimental designs and conventional surveys (see Rossi and Anderson 1982). By this technique, the scenarios used here were created (before the survey was conducted) by randomly selecting values (levels) from each of several variables (dimensions; one level per dimension per scenario) until each dimension was represented and a complete scenario was formed (for details of this study's dimensions and values, see Appendix 1). Although ideally we would have liked to gather as much information as possible from each respondent, the decisions regarding the number of v...

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Transnational Advocacy Networks and Policy Cycles in the European Union: The Case of Sexual Harassment

Cited by 85 publications

References 23 publications

Multilevel Strategies for Political Influence: How and Why Do Domestic Civil Society Organisations Seek Political Influence at National and EU Levels?

Multilevel Strategies for Political Influence: How and Why Do Domestic Civil Society Organisations Seek Political Influence at National and EU Levels?

From the Manpower Revolution to the Activation Paradigm : Explaining Institutional Continuity and Change in an Integrating Europe

Public Perceptions of Sexual Harassment: An Empirical Analysis in Israel from Consensus and Feminist Theoretical Perspectives

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