Transovarial Transmission of St. Louis Encephalitis Virus by Culex Pipiens Complex Mosquitoes

Db, Francy; Wa, Rush; Montoya, Mauricio Marín; Ds, Inglish; Ra, Bolin

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.1981.30.699

Cited by 31 publications

(19 citation statements)

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“…The Þlial infection rate for Cx. pipiens in this study, 1.8/ 1,000, is similar to published rates for other ßaviviruses (Francy et al 1981, Takashima and Rosen 1989, Baqar et al 1993, Diallo et al 2000. Despite earlier studies that observed higher Þlial infection rates when larvae were reared at reduced temperatures (18 Ð20ЊC) as compared with when reared at 26ЊC (Hardy et al 1980, Francy et al 1981), we did not observe any effect of environmental rearing temperature on Þlial infection rates.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

“…Previous studies indicate that Aedes albopictus (Skuse) is able to vertically transmit WN (Baqar et al 1993), as well as the closely related Japanese encephalitis (JE) (Rosen et al 1978, Rosen 1988, St. Louis encephalitis (SLE) (Hardy et al 1980(Hardy et al , 1984Rosen 1988) and KUN (Tesh 1980) viruses. Similarly, Culex pipiens L. vertically transmits WN , JE , and SLE (Francy et al 1981, Hardy et al 1984 viruses. Additionally, WN virus has been isolated from vertically infected Culex univittatus (Theobald) in Kenya .…”

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confidence: 98%

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Experimental Vertical Transmission of West Nile Virus byCulex pipiens(Diptera: Culicidae) : Table 1

Dohm¹,

2002

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Despite the detection of West Nile (WN) virus in overwintering Culex pipiens L. in New York in February 2000, the mechanism by which this virus persists throughout the winter to initiate infections in vertebrate hosts and vectors the following spring remains unknown. After a blood meal, parous mosquitoes generally do not survive until spring and gonotrophic dissociation occurs in only a small percentage of the population. To investigate vertical transmission as a means of viral survival during interepizootics, we intrathoracically inoculated Cx. pipiens and Aedes albopictus (Skuse) with WN virus and subsequently tested their F1 progeny for the presence of virus. Among the Cx. pipiens, we recovered virus from two of 1,417 adult progeny that had been reared at 18 degrees C for a minimal filial infection rate (MFIR) of approximately 1.4/1,000 and four of 1,873 adult progeny reared at 26 degrees C (MFIR = 2.1/1,000). The mean titer of the positive pools was 10(5.6) plaque-forming units (PFU)/ml (=10(5.9) PFU/mosquito for positive mosquitoes) of virus. Overall, the MFIR was approximately 1.8/1,000 for Cx. pipiens. Although reports indicate that Ae. albopictus vertically transmit various viruses in the Japanese encephalitis virus complex, we did not detect WN virus in any of > 13,000 F1 progeny of WN virus-inoculated specimens. Female Cx. pipiens that are vertically infected during the late summer season and then survive the winter could serve as a source of WN virus to initiate an infection cycle the following spring.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

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confidence: 98%

Experimental Vertical Transmission of West Nile Virus byCulex pipiens(Diptera: Culicidae) : Table 1

Dohm¹,

2002

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“…Several lines of evidence support the vertical transmission of DENV from Aedes females to the progeny, explaining the maintenance of DENV during interepidemic periods without human or non human primate participation. [7][8][9][10] This process of vertical transmission would require the presence of a putative viral receptor during the different developmental stages of infected mosquito. The 45-kDa protein may thus function as the putative receptor for DENV in mosquito tissues at all stages of the mosquito life cycle.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This mechanism has been implicated in the virus maintenance during interepidemic periods without human or other vertebrate host participation. 4,[7][8][9][10] Because the first step in DENV infection is the interaction between virus and host cells through a cellular receptor, followed by an endocytic or direct cell membrane penetration process, the ability of DENV to infect mosquitoes at different developmental stages might depend on the presence of a viral receptor in mosquito tissues. 11,12 The envelope (E) protein exposed on the surface of the viral membrane contains structural and functional elements that participate in the virus-host cell receptor interaction and is hence known as the viral attachment protein.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A putative receptor for dengue virus in mosquito tissues: localization of a 45-kDa glycoprotein.

Mendoza¹,

Salas-Benito²,

Lanz‐Mendoza³

et al. 2002

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. Dengue virus (DENV) infects target cells by attaching to various cell receptors, many of which are still unknown. In C6/36 cells (Aedes albopictus cell line), DENV-4 bound to two glycoproteins of 40 and 45 kDa, located on the cell surface. Preincubation of cells with polyclonal antibody against the 45-kDa protein specifically blocked DENV-4 infection of C6/36 cells. The antibody and purified DENV-4 detected the 45-kDa molecule in total extracts from eggs, larvae, and pupae as well as from the midgut, ovary, and salivary glands from adult-stage Aedes aegypti mosquitoes, whereas in malphigian tubules it was absent. This suggests that the distribution of the 45-kDa protein correlates with tissue tropism of DENV infection in mosquitoes. The 45-kDa molecule was not detected in Anopheles albimanus mosquito. The relevance of our findings is discussed from the pathogenetic and vector competence viewpoints.

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“…Vertical transmission has been demonstrated for other ßaviviruses, including Japanese encephalitis (Rosen et al 1978, Rosen et al 1989, yellow fever (Aitken et al 1979), dengue (Rosen et al 1983), and Kunjin viruses (Tesh 1980). In North America, vertical transmission was reported for Saint Louis encephalitis virus by Culex mosquitoes (Francy et al 1981, Hardy et al 1984, Nayar et al 1986). …”

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confidence: 95%

Vertical Transmission of West Nile Virus by Three California <I>Culex</I> (Diptera: Culicidae) Species

et al. 2003

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Three California Culex species previously identified as efficient laboratory vectors of West Nile (WN) virus were tested for their capability to vertically transmit WN virus. Wild-caught Culex pipiens pipiens L., Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus Say, and two populations of Culex tarsalis Coquillett females were inoculated intrathoracically with 10(2.7 +/- 0.1) plaque-forming units of WN virus. F1 progeny were reared at 18 degrees C and subsequently tested as adults for infectious virus on Vero cell culture. Virus was not detected in 197 pools comprising 4,884 Cx. p. pipiens. The minimum filial infection rate (MFIR) for Cx. p. quinquefasciatus was approximately 3.0/1,000 for 665 progeny tested in 28 pools. There was no virus detected in 102 pools of 2,453 progeny from Cx. tarsalis collected in Riverside County. The MFIR for Cx. tarsalis collected in Yolo County was approximately 6.9/1,000 for 2,165 progeny tested in 86 pools. Mosquito progeny infected vertically during the fall could potentially serve as a mechanism for WN virus to overwinter and initiate horizontal transmission the following spring.

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Transovarial Transmission of St. Louis Encephalitis Virus by Culex Pipiens Complex Mosquitoes

Cited by 31 publications

References 0 publications

Experimental Vertical Transmission of West Nile Virus byCulex pipiens(Diptera: Culicidae) : Table 1

Experimental Vertical Transmission of West Nile Virus byCulex pipiens(Diptera: Culicidae) : Table 1

A putative receptor for dengue virus in mosquito tissues: localization of a 45-kDa glycoprotein.

Vertical Transmission of West Nile Virus by Three California <I>Culex</I> (Diptera: Culicidae) Species

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