Transparent Cu nanowire mesh electrode on flexible substrates fabricated by transfer printing and its application in organic solar cells

Nanoplasmonics: a frontier of photovoltaic solar cells

“…(ii) Deposit a resist layer on top of the PV device, use NIL to pattern the resist, deposit a metal layer, and fi nally lift-off part of the metal according to the resist pattern [104] . (iii) Deposit a metal layer on top of a patterned stamp (usually fl exible), laminate the stamp on the PV device, peel the stamp off, and leave behind the patterned metal layer on the device surface [105,106] . (iv) Deposit a resist layer on top of a substrate, use NIL to pattern the resist layer, deposit the metal layer, and fi nally deposit the PV device on the substrate with the resist left on [17, 106 -109] .…”

“…Soft stamps are of particular interest for two reasons: fi rst, the soft stamps can form conformal contact to the rough solar cell surfaces and transform patterns precisely without loss, in contrast the hard stamps cannot contact the low-lying areas if the surface is not perfectly fl at. Second, the soft stamps can be used on a product line with an in-line roll-to-roll imprinting machine [105,106] , whose ultra-high throughput is preferred by the PV industry.…”

Semitransparent Gold-Meshed Electrode Fabricated by Transfer Printing Using Self-Organized Microporous Polymer Mold

“…In the transfer printing process, transcripts are transferred to the substrate with a higher surface energy than the mold, which has a lower surface energy. Polycarbonate has a higher surface energy than that of the SiO 2 mold, but the transfer printing was successful because of the high adhesion of the unbaked PEDOT:PSS [27]. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of the fabricated self-organized polymer mold are shown in Fig.…”

“…It was reported that fabrication of semi-transparent conductive electrodes with meshed structures, fabricated using a transfer printing method [26,27] could be suitable for the fabrication of highly conductive transparent electrodes at low cost and without the necessity of high temperature annealing. It was shown that conductivity of the transparent metal electrode was enhanced by a factor of three at the expense of optical transmittance by just doubling the metal thickness [26,27].…”

“…It was shown that conductivity of the transparent metal electrode was enhanced by a factor of three at the expense of optical transmittance by just doubling the metal thickness [26,27]. However, these transfer printing methods require expensive semiconductor manufacturing processes such as lithography and dry etching to fabricate the molds.…”