Transparent magnetic wood composites based on immobilizing Fe3O4 nanoparticles into a delignified wood template

Gan, Wentao; Gao, Likun; Xiao, Shaoliang; Zhang, Wenbo; Zhan, Xianxu; Li, Jian

doi:10.1007/s10853-016-0619-8

Cited by 125 publications

(90 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…[14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22] The large-size transparent woodw as obtained by infiltrating the prepolymerized methyl methacrylate( MMA) solution into delignified wood fibers rather than the intact wood template. [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22] The large-size transparent woodw as obtained by infiltrating the prepolymerized methyl methacrylate( MMA) solution into delignified wood fibers rather than the intact wood template.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[20] Thick or large-size transparent wood is highly desirable for practical applications.I np revious studies, however, the reported transparent wood samples were smalla nd of low thickness. [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22] This is mainly because the preparation of transparent wood requires intact wood as the substrate, whereas largesized substrates are very susceptible to breakage during delignification. Lignin can be mainly found in the corners of wood cells and middle lamella, which are the key substances connectingt he wood cells.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this study,t ransparent wood sized 300 mm 300 mm 10 mm with al ight transmittance of 68 %a nd ah aze of 90 % was prepared, which is the largest-sized transparent wood with the highest transmittancer eported so far according to literature. [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22] The large-size transparent woodw as obtained by infiltrating the prepolymerized methyl methacrylate( MMA) solution into delignified wood fibers rather than the intact wood template. By using this groundbreaking method, large-size transparent wood with any thickness or any size can be facilely made, and the preparation efficiency is about three times higher compared with that of the previous transparent wood samples.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Large‐Size Transparent Wood for Energy‐Saving Building Applications

et al. 2018

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As an energy‐saving building material, transparent wood (TW) is highly attractive because of the advantages of high optical transmittance, excellent mechanical properties, and good thermal insulation. However, the current research is limited to fabricating small‐size samples in the laboratory because thick or large‐size transparent wood is almost impossible to be achieved. A method that can easily and efficiently produce transparent wood with any size and any thickness is desirable for practical applications. Transparent wood made from wood fibers as a substrate allows the cell walls to bind more tightly to the impregnated polymer, resulting in high light transmittance. Compared with wood prepared by using previously reported approaches, the transparent wood prepared by this new method not only retains the same advantages but also has higher preparation efficiency and is suitable for large‐scale production. Under a simulated real environment, the retainability of indoor temperature by a sample house utilizing the transparent wood reveals excellent thermal insulation of the fiber‐based transparent wood owing to its low thermal conductivity, showing significant benefits in saving thermal energy.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Large‐Size Transparent Wood for Energy‐Saving Building Applications

et al. 2018

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“…It was initially demonstrated by Fink in 1992 [3] for investigation of internal structure of wood species. However during recent years, the interest toward TW was significantly renewed in several research areas: material science designing multifunctional wood composites, [2,[4][5][6] energy saving technology focused on application of TW in solar cells, [7] and photonics dealing with light sources based on TW with additives. [8,9] Natural wood consists of three main components which have different refractive indices: cellulose (1.525 with light propagating www.advopticalmat.de through the material, haze is important to characterize scattering properties of medium in terms of image content.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Light Scattering by Structurally Anisotropic Media: A Benchmark with Transparent Wood

Vasileva

Chen

et al. 2018

Advanced Optical Materials

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perpendicularly to the cellulose fibers, and 1.596 along with the fibers), hemicellulose (1.532), and lignin (1.61). [3] While holocellulose (cellulose and hemicellulose) is optically colorless, lignin is the main source of absorption (about 80-95% of wood light absorption) in the visible range. [10] Thus, lignin removing [11] or deactivating the chromophores inside lignin is required to make wood transparent. [12] Although major part of lignin is removed during chemical modification, some residual amount (1-3%) still remains in the wood [11] introducing minor absorption. A delignified wood (Figure 1a) is not yet transparent due to strong scattering of light, which occurs on the interfaces between the material structural components and air-filled voids between/within them. To minimize such scattering, the delignified template is infiltrated with a polymer of refractive index approximately matching the wood compounds. In several previous studies, polymerized methyl methacrylate (PMMA) whose refractive index is close to the average refractive index of delignified wood template (≈1.53) [11] was implemented. However, there always exists minor refractive index mismatch between the wood components and infiltrated polymer that leads to the light scattering. Moreover, as a consequence of mesoporous hierarchical structure of a wood template [13] with feature sizes scaling from micrometers-cellulose fibers, vessels, rays [14] (schematically presented in Figure 1b) down to nanometers (nanofibrils), [1,15] polymer infiltration process is not perfect, e.g., due to surface compatibility issues. This leads to formation of structural air-filled voids in the walls of the cellulose fibers consisting of nanofibrils (Figure 1c). It should be noted that additional airfilled voids can also be created via polymer shrinkage during polymerization [16] (Figure 1c). Hence, scattering in TW is caused by several factors: minor mismatch of the refractive indices between the delignified wood template and infiltrated polymer, multiscale porous hierarchical structure of the wood consisting of macro-, meso-, and nanopores, and presence of air-filled voids. Thus, despite relatively high optical transmittance, TW is, in fact, an optically anisotropic scattering medium.Traditionally optical properties of TW have been characterized via measuring the light total hemispherical luminous transmittance (referred as transmittance in the literature about TW) and haze. [11,17] While transmittance describes optical losses of a material, i.e., the fraction of the optical energy flux passing Transparent wood (TW) is a biocomposite material with hierarchical structure, which exhibits high optical transmittance and anisotropic light scattering. Here, the relation between anisotropic scattering and the internal structure of transparent wood is experimentally studied and the dependence of scattering anisotropy on material thickness, which characterizes the fraction of ballistic photons in the propagating light, is shown. The limitations of the conventional haze, as...

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“…Later on, engineering use of transparent wood was suggested by combining mechanical performance considerations with optical transmittance studies . After that, several studies were published along similar engineering use considerations . With the addition of optical transmittance to basic wood properties, transparent wood facilitates wood anatomy studies, and it can be used in light‐transmitting smart buildings, electronic devices, and in photonic devices such as photovoltaic cells and light source .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optically Transparent Wood: Recent Progress, Opportunities, and Challenges

Vasileva

Sychugov

et al. 2018

Advanced Optical Materials

165

105

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Transparent wood is an emerging load‐bearing material reinvented from natural wood scaffolds with added light management functionalities. Such material shows promising properties for buildings and related structural applications, including its renewable and abundant origin, interesting optical properties, outstanding mechanical performance, low density, low thermal conductivity, and great potential for multifunctionalization. In this study, a detailed summary of recent progress on the transparent wood research topic is presented. Remaining questions and challenges related to transparent wood preparation, optical property measurements, and transparent wood modification and applications are discussed.

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Transparent magnetic wood composites based on immobilizing Fe3O4 nanoparticles into a delignified wood template

Cited by 125 publications

References 38 publications

Large‐Size Transparent Wood for Energy‐Saving Building Applications

Large‐Size Transparent Wood for Energy‐Saving Building Applications

Light Scattering by Structurally Anisotropic Media: A Benchmark with Transparent Wood

Optically Transparent Wood: Recent Progress, Opportunities, and Challenges

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