Transparent microstrip patch antenna based on fluorine‐doped tin oxide deposited by spray pyrolysis technique

Abstract

Transparent microstrip antenna with fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO or SnO 2 :F) patch is studied here. The authors make use of spray pyrolysis technique to deposit FTO transparent patch on a Pyrex glass substrate. The deposited FTO patches show high optical transmittance (about 80-90%) and low electrical surface resistance (as low as 7 Ω/□). Two transparent microstrip patch antennas (with conventional conductor as ground plane), which are fed by proximity coupling at 2.5 and 5 GHz resonance frequencies, are fabricated and their radiation properties are presented and compared with copper patch antenna counterparts. In order to reduce the conductor loss of the antenna and ameliorate antenna efficiency, thick substrates should be used. The 2.5 GHz antenna shows low efficiency and significant loss in transparent layer but the 5 GHz one shows 3.63 dBi maximum gain and only ∼0.83 dB degradation in comparison with the copper patch antenna.

Transparent Antenna for Green Communication Feature: A Systematic Review on Taxonomy Analysis, Open Challenges, Motivations, Future Directions and Recommendations

“…Transparent conductive thin films are among the most common transparent conductors [16]. conductive polymers and Conductive inks, such as silver-coated polyester (AgHT-4, AgHT-8) [ [38] , Known for its high optical transmission, relatively low resistivity, non-toxicity, low material cost and good stability, the Al doped ZnO (AZO) film is one of the most promising transparent and conductive oxide (TCO) thin films [7] [39]. and Ga-doped ZnO (GZO) [40] , Titanium Indium Oxide (TIO) [35,41] [42], and aluminum doped zinc oxide (AZO)/silver nanowire (AgNWs), or silver nanowire (AgNWs) [43] [44], and graphene [45] are popular transparent conductive thin films .…”

“…And as Compact and Transparent Antennas using a plexiglass substrate with AgHT-8 for 5G communication systems [18] , or soda lime glass substrate with fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) for wireless local area network (WLAN) [36] . and as Optically Transparent Antennas using glass as a substrate with indium tin oxide (ITO) for solar energy harvesting [29] , or for car network communication application [33] , or using glass as substrate with AZO/AgNWs for Bluetooth communication [44] , or using glass as substrate with AgHT-8 for WLAN [19] and wireless applications [20] , or using glass as substrate with AgHT-4 for Wi-Fi [26] , or using a plexiglass substrate with AgHT-8 for wireless multiple-input and multiple output (MIMO) system [21] and smart devices [24] , or using a polyimide as substrate with TIO Terahertz communication [41] and satellites , radar systems [42] , and using a MWCNT loaded ITO and TIO for Terahertz communication [35] , and using a borosilicate glass substrate with FTO [37] or Pyrex glass substrate with FTO [38] for outdoor applications such as transparent antenna over solar cells , and using a Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) substrate with AgHT-8 thin film for (RFID) tags [22] and UWB home entertainment network [17] , commercial and medical applications [40] , and using a sapphire substrate with gallium-doped zinc oxide (GZO) thin film for smart city concept [7] , and using a quartz substrate with graphene layers for practical applications [45] , or using Perspex acrylic dielectric substrate with (AgHT-8) thin film for wireless applications [23] , or using a glass substrates with ITO films for millimeter wave bands [30] , or using a plexiglass substrate with AgHT-8 short range multiband versatile wireless applications [28]. And can be as Transparent and Flexible Antennas using glass or polymer as substrate with AZO for window-integrated wireless sensor node [39] , or using a polyimide as substrate with IZTO/Ag/IZTO (IAI) for wearable glasses [46] and using polyamide substrate for computer laptop [3] , or using a Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) substrate with transparent silver nanowire (AgNWs) for automobile window, liquid crystal display, organi...…”

“…Wireless communication systems employ multiple antennas to facilitate applications that require high capacity, bandwidth, and gain. Thus, bulky structures increase spatial constraints for space applications [38,49,65].…”

Electromagnetic characterisation of multi‐wall carbon nanotube–doped fluorine tin oxide for transparent antenna applications

“…This material has a relatively high mechanical and environmental stability. In [6], FTO with a surface resistance of and optical transmittance of 74% has been used to fabricate a transparent antenna. However, determination of the electromagnetic characteristics of the obtained layer has not been performed.…”

Design of transparent microstrip grid array antenna

“…The typical structure of a microstrip patch antenna consists of a thick metal layer as the radiating patch, and Ground, placed on a dielectric substrate. Transparent antenna normally designed by replacing the metal patch with Transparent Conducting Oxides (TCO) thin film, and clear glass [1][2][3][4] or PET film [5,6] as the dielectric substrate.…”