Transplant ethics under scrutiny – responsibilities of all medical professionals

Trey, Torsten; Caplan, Arthur L.; Lavee, Jacob

doi:10.3325/cmj.2013.54.71

Cited by 14 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Sin embargo, por la gran complejidad del proceso prequirúrgico y de trasplante estas prácticas temibles serían improductivas aún para las grandes mafias (2,29,30) . En el 2013, médicos alemanes manipularon datos de pacientes para lograr una prioridad del órgano para sus pacientes, alimentando así la desconfianza popular (16) .…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

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Mitos sobre la donación de órganos en personal de salud, potenciales receptores y familiares de potenciales donantes en un hospital peruano: estudio cualitativo

Gómez-Rázuri

Ballena-López

León-Jiménez

2016

Rev Peru Med Exp Salud Publica

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RESUMENObjetivos. Explorar los mitos sobre la donación de órganos en un hospital nacional de Lambayeque-Perú, en el año 2014. Materiales y métodos. Se realizó un estudio cualitativo-fenomenológico con veinticuatro entrevistas a profundidad no estructuradas a personal de salud, potenciales receptores y familiares de potenciales donantes. El muestreo fue intencional opinático finalizado por saturación teórica de cada estamento. Se utilizó una guía de entrevista evaluada por cinco expertos. Se realizó triangulación de datos. Resultados. Veintitrés entrevistados (95,8%) mostraron actitud favorable hacia la donación de órganos. En el Documento Nacional de Identidad, trece (54,2%) refieren "no" a la donación. Los mitos fueron: la edad o enfermedades contraindican la donación; el receptor de un órgano experimenta actitudes de su donador y vive en él; la muerte cerebral es inmovilidad del cuerpo y un estado reversible; las religiones no aceptan la donación de órganos, esta afecta la integridad física y la resurrección, y existen preferencias en la lista de espera de donantes así como el tráfico de órganos. Conclusiones. Los mitos explorados en el presente estudio muestran perspectivas religiosas, socioculturales, psicológicas y éticas. La aparente falta de conocimiento del diagnóstico de muerte cerebral es el punto de partida que marca el proceso de donación. La existencia de un coordinador hospitalario, el rol de los guías espirituales y la correcta información brindada por medios de comunicación serían piezas clave para derribar estos mitos. Palabras clave: Folclore; Obtención de tejidos y órganos; Trasplante de órganos; Muerte encefálica; Tráfico de órganos;Análisis cualitativo (Fuente: DeCS BIREME). MYTHS ABOUT ORGAN DONATION ON HEALTH PERSONNEL, POTENTIAL RECIPIENTS AND RELATIVES OF POTENTIAL DONORS IN A PERUVIAN HOSPITAL: A QUALITATIVE STUDY ABSTRACTObjectives. To explore the myths regarding organ donation at a national hospital in Lambayeque, Peru during 2014. Materials and methods. A qualitative-phenomenological study was performed using 24 unstructured in-depht interview of health personnel, potential recipients and relatives of potential donors. Sampling was intentional opinion-based, completed by theoretical saturation in each group. An interview guide was used, which was assessed by five experts, and data triangulation was performed. Results. Twenty-three interviewees (95,8%) reported a favorable attitude towards organ donation. On their National Identification Document, thirteen (54,2%) had marked "no" for donation. The myths were: age or illness can preclude donation; that the recipient may experience the donor's behaviours and lives in it; brain death is undestood as the immobility of the body and a reversible state; religions do not accept organ donation because it affects physical integrity and resurrection; and that there are preferences on the organ donor waiting list and that organ trafficking taxes place. Conclusions. Myths explored in this study involved religious, socio-cultural, psychological and...

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Section: Discussionunclassified

“…De acuerdo con lo expresado, los factores culturales, éticos, hospitalarios y otros, intervendrían en la visión acerca de la donación de órganos (14,16) . En nuestro medio, la información es vaga e imprecisa por eso es necesario abordarla como un fenómeno social.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Mitos sobre la donación de órganos en personal de salud, potenciales receptores y familiares de potenciales donantes en un hospital peruano: estudio cualitativo

Gómez-Rázuri

Ballena-López

León-Jiménez

2016

Rev Peru Med Exp Salud Publica

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“…Yet about 115,000 individuals are currently on the waitlist for organ donation and 7000 waitlist candidates died in 2016, while awaiting a life-saving transplantation [40]. Although significant strides were made with regard to increasing donations, there continues to be an organ shortage, which has led to some ethically questionable practices [35,41]. The National Organ Transplant Act of 1984 brought together top content experts and outlined key issues related to the different aspects of the organ procurement process [42][43][44].…”

Section: Ethical Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Process of Organ Donation from Non-Living Donors: A Case-Based Journey from Potential Donor Identification to Organ Procurement

Green¹,

Thomas²,

Wilde-Onia³

et al. 2018

Organ Donation and Transplantation - Current Status and Future Challenges

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Each year, thousands of people worldwide succumb to end-organ failure while awaiting life-saving transplantation procedures. The shortage of organs continues with no signs of easing in the foreseeable future. The availability of organs from living donors continues to be constrained. At the same time, the cumulative knowledge of organ preservation is advancing steadily resulting in an enhanced ability to utilize a growing number of previously unsuitable tissue and organ gifts. Our ability to procure and preserve more organs is accompanied by the increasing use of so-called "expanded criteria" donors, or those whose organs may not have been suitable without modern advances in organ preservation science. Within the overall context of organ donation from non-living donors, the importance of physiologic and end-organ optimization cannot be understated. This chapter discusses our current state of understanding of optimized organ procurement approaches derived from practical experiences and "lessons learned" at a high-performing, community-based tertiary referral hospital.

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“…A startling example of such coercion and violation of human rights is an organ procurement strategy used in China. A Chinese national law in 1984 legalized organ harvesting from executed Chinese prisoners for transplantation, with "consent" obtained seven days prior to execution after sentencing by a court of law [11]. Aside from the probable coercion occurring during the consent process, the use of vulnerable prisoners as organ farms is morally reprehensible, since members of this population lack many basic rights and the power to refuse without ramifications.…”

Section: Coercion and Organ Traffickingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can Social Media Help Increase the Organ Supply While Avoiding Exploitation and Trafficking?

2016

AMA Journal of Ethics

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The combined ethics committee of the Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network (OPTN) and the United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) issued a 2015 white paper explaining the ethical principles that should guide allocation of human organs. The white paper does not mention procurement of organs, other than to say that selling organs is prohibited. Must procurement of organs also adhere to certain ethical principles? If so, which principles and why? In view of your argument, is use of social media to solicit organ donation ethical? Response The need for more organ donation in the United States is an ongoing struggle for the transplant community. According to the US Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), approximately 22 people die daily awaiting an organ transplant [1]. As of October 2015, an estimated total of 122,440 people nationwide were on organ waiting lists, a roughly fivefold increase from 1991 [1]. Unfortunately, the number of organ transplants performed in 2014 remained stagnant at around 29,532, which is less than a twofold increase over a 23-year period [1]. Recent social media campaigns, described below, have focused on increasing online organ registry enrollment rates, an alternative to registering citizens through states' driver's licensure processes. The United States currently uses an "opt-in" system for organ donation, requiring "concrete action" from citizens to declare their intentions to donate [2]. An alternative option in the US is "mandated choice"; for example, in 2006, Illinois passed a first-person consent law, according to which citizens are required to indicate legally binding organ donation preferences when registering or renewing their driver's licenses [2]. In contrast, some European countries such as Spain, Belgium, and Austria use an "opt-out" system [2] in which consent to donate is presumed [3]. This presumed consent model generally applies to all organs; a model is termed "soft" if family views are taken into account or "hard" if only the patient's wishes are honored [3]. A 2006 study that followed the organ donation rates of 22 "presumed consent" countries over a 10-year period found that, after correcting for other determinants impacting donation, "cadaveric donation rates [were] 25-30% higher on average in presumed consent countries" [4]. This study suggests that increased organ donation rates are due to legislative changes, but the

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Transplant ethics under scrutiny – responsibilities of all medical professionals

Cited by 14 publications

References 6 publications

Mitos sobre la donación de órganos en personal de salud, potenciales receptores y familiares de potenciales donantes en un hospital peruano: estudio cualitativo

Mitos sobre la donación de órganos en personal de salud, potenciales receptores y familiares de potenciales donantes en un hospital peruano: estudio cualitativo

The Process of Organ Donation from Non-Living Donors: A Case-Based Journey from Potential Donor Identification to Organ Procurement

Can Social Media Help Increase the Organ Supply While Avoiding Exploitation and Trafficking?

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