Transplantation of human adipose-derived stem cells into the urethra ameliorates stress urinary incontinence and blunts the induction of c-Fos immunoreactivities in brain areas related to micturition in female rats

Molecular Medicine Reports

et al. 2012

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Post‑traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is an anxiety disorder triggered by life‑threatening events that cause intense fear. Exercise is known to have protective effects on neuropsychiatric diseases. The present study investigated whether treadmill exercise during pregnancy reduced or alleviated symptoms of PTSD in maternal rats. To induce predator stress in pregnant rats, rats were exposed to a hunting dog in an enclosed room. Exposure time was three 10‑min daily sessions separated by 1 h, starting at week 1 of pregnancy until delivery. Pregnant rats in the exercise group were forced to run on a treadmill for 30 min once a day, starting one week following pregnancy until delivery. Rats receiving predator stress during pregnancy exhibited PTSD anxiety‑like behaviors following delivery. Expression of 5‑hydroxytryptamine (5‑HT) and its synthesizing enzyme tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH) in the dorsal raphe was increased compared with unstressed rats. Expression of c‑Fos and neuronal nitric oxide synthases (nNOS) in the hypothalamus and locus coeruleus were higher in the rats receiving stress during pregnancy compared with unstressed rats. By contrast, treadmill exercise during pregnancy ameliorated anxiety‑like behaviors and reduced the expression of 5‑HT, TPH, c‑Fos and nNOS in the PTSD maternal rats. The results of the present study indicate that exercise during pregnancy is suitable for use as a therapeutic strategy to reduce anxiety‑related disorders, including PTSD.

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Treadmill exercise during pregnancy ameliorates post-traumatic stress disorder-induced anxiety-like responses in maternal rats

Seo

Molecular Medicine Reports

et al. 2012

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“…Immunohistochemical analyses were performed as previously reported (Kim et al 2007, Kim et al 2010. Briefly, mice were deeply anesthetized, and perfused with 4% paraformaldehyde.…”

Section: Immunohistochemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Different expression of human GFAP promoter-derived GFP in different subsets of astrocytes in the mouse brain

Moon¹,

Animal Cells and Systems

et al. 2011

Transgenic mice expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP) under the control of human glial fibrillary acidic protein promoter (hGFAP) have been utilized for in vivo labeling of astrocytes. Although it has been considered that virtually all astrocytes express GFP in this transgenic mouse, we found that different subsets of GFAP-expressing astrocytes express considerably different levels of GFP in the adult brain. Astrocytes in the spinal cord, the molecular layer of thecerebellum, meninges, white matter, corpus callosum and blood vessels exhibited strong GFP, whereas subsets of astrocytes associated with granule cells in the cerebellum and dentate gyrus did not or only marginally exhibited GFP. We also found that a small subset of GFP-expressing cells in the periglomeruli of the olfactory bulb did not express GFAP immunoreactivity. Collectively, these results suggest that human GFAP promoter-derived GFP expression does not faithfully recapitulate the endogenous GFAP expression in mice, suggesting that upstream regulatory mechanisms controlling GFAP transcription are different in different populations of astrocytes, and may reflect the functional diversity of astrocytes.

“…Brain tissues were prepared according to the previously described method (Kim et al 2010c). Ten days after starting the experiments, rats were sacrificed using Zoletil 50 † (10 mg/kg, i.p.…”

Section: Tissue Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hypothermia alleviates hypoxic ischemia-induced dopamine dysfunction and memory impairment in rats

Cho

Animal Cells and Systems

et al. 2011

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(2011) Hypothermia alleviates hypoxic ischemia-induced dopamine dysfunction and memory impairment in rats, Animal Cells and Systems, 15:4, 279-286, DOI: 10.1080/19768354.2011.607514 To link to this article: https://doi.org/10. 1080/19768354.2011 Hypoxic ischemia injury is a common cause of functional brain damage, resulting from a decrease in cerebral blood flow and oxygen supply to the brain. The main problems associated with hypoxic ischemia to the brain are memory impairment and dopamine dysfunction. Hypothermia has been suggested to ameliorate the neurological impairment induced by various brain insults. In this study, we investigated the effects of hypothermia on memory function and dopamine synthesis following hypoxic ischemia to the brain in rats. For this purpose, a step-down avoidance task, a radial eight-arm maze task, and immunohistochemistry for tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and 5-bromo-2?-deoxyuridine (BrdU) were performed. The present results indicated that the hypoxic ischemia-induced disturbance of the animal's performances and spatial working memory was associated with a decrement in TH expression in the substantia nigra and striatum, and an increase in cell proliferation in the hippocampal dentate gyrus. Hypothermia treatment improved the animals' performance and spatial working memory by suppressing the decrement in TH expression in the substantia nigra and striatum and the increase in cell proliferation in the dentate gyrus. We suggest that hypothermia can be an efficient therapeutic modality to facilitate recovery following hypoxic ischemia injury to the brain, presumably by modulating the dopaminergic cell loss.