Transplantation Studies in Patients With Agammaglobulinemia

Relations between Immunity and Malignancy

“…They often show a significant delay, however, in the rejection of an initial skin graft, but can show a vigorous second set skin-graft rejection (14). Thus, even though such patients cannot form circulating antibodies, they do not lack immunity and one can transfer cellular immunity to nonsensitized normal persons by injecting, intradermally, blood lymphocytes of patients with Bruton-type agammaglobulinemia (15). Through the years, some 50 or so patients with Bruton-type agammaglobulinemia have been discovered, studied, and reported.…”

“…We looked at this question and confirmed Schier's findings (19). We then showed that anergy often progresses with progression of the disease (20), extends to a frequent deficiency in vigor of skin allograft rejections (21), and cannot readily be corrected by giving leukocytes from normal sensitive donors (5,15,19,(21)(22)(23) Before we studied the immune responses, immunoglobulin concentrations and lymphoid tissues of patients with ataxiatelangiectasia, this disease was considered primarily to be a neurological disorder (29)(30)(31). This disease, however, is featured by an association of progressive cerebellar ataxia, telangiectases of the sclera and skin, especially the skin of the eyelids, anticubital, and'popliteal regions.…”

Transfer of Delayed Hypersensitivity to Skin Homografts With Leukocyte Extracts in Man*

“…There has been no attempt to measure antibodies in the serum of recipients of transfer in this study, in view of the negative results of attempts at transfer with serum, and the failure to demonstrate conventional serum antibody following transfer of bacterial allergy in humans with leukocyte extracts (31) or viable cells (17,25) when the leukocytes have been obtained from the peripheral blood.…”

“…It is not yet clear, however, whether the highly specific immune mechanism evoked and the consequent allergic inflammatory response resulting in tissue destruction are mediated by serum antibody of the classical type or by a factor or factors intimately bound to cells of the leukocyte series (6)(7)(8). The preponderance of evidence accumulated to date has implicated the latter mechanism (9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14), although there is evidence to suggest a role for serum antibody, either as a contributing ancillary agent of tissue destruction (4, [15][16][17], or as a paralled but unrelated immunological event (1,18,19).…”

Modulatory effects on immunoglobulin synthesis and secretion by lymphocytes from immunodeficient patients.

“…a primary or secondary phenomenon. The difficulty in establishing functional humoral immunity after lymphoid cell, bone marrow, or fetal tissue transplantation in several cases of primary immunodeficiencies (22)(23)(24)(25) Eardley and Gershon (27) have proposed that helper activity is the modulating effect elicited by a weak immunological reaction, such as occurs uipon challenge with a low dose of antigen, whereas suppression would be the subsequent control mechanism associated with a vigorous immunologic response. Ouir observation that the same patient may have grossly different immunoregulatory responses at various times and/or with different normal donors is consistent with the hypothesis that regulatory cell effects vary inversely with the activity of the cells they control (28).…”