Transport Direction of Wisconsinan Loess in Southeastern Minnesota

Mason, Joseph A.; Nater, Edward A.; Hobbs, H.C.

doi:10.1006/qres.1994.1005

Cited by 37 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The poor performance of χ ped for Midwestern soils may be due to (1) variations in the underlying parent material and (2) additional dust input during the Holocene. Peoria loess, which is the parent material for our soil profiles, is relatively homogenous, but various studies [e.g., Mason et al , 1994; Muhs and Bettis , 2000; Muhs et al , 2008; Winspear and Pye , 1995] have identified several dust sources and transport paths. Geiss and Zanner [2007] have found significant variations in the magnetic properties of unaltered Peoria loess.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct estimates of pedogenic magnetite as a tool to reconstruct past climates from buried soils

Geiss¹,

Egli²,

Zanner³

2008

J. Geophys. Res.

109

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[1] Variations in magnetic properties of buried soils can be used to reconstruct past climatic conditions during paleosol formation. Most methods, however, are based on comparisons between the magnetically enriched upper soil horizons and the magnetically unaltered parent material. In thin loess-paleosol sequences such a comparison can be problematic because all horizons, soil and underlying loess, may be affected to varying degrees by pedogenesis. We propose two direct estimates of pedogenic magnetite based on the analysis of anhysteretic remanent magnetization ratios (c ARM /isothermal remanent magnetization) and coercivity distributions. These estimates are independent of any information regarding the parent material and are possible if pedogenic minerals have similar magnetic properties throughout the study region. This condition seems to be met throughout the Midwestern United States and a few loessic soils elsewhere. The remanence-carrying part of pedogenic magnetite is composed of single-domain particles with consistent, well-constrained magnetic properties. These particles are extremely well dispersed in the soil matrix as indicated by the absence of noticeable magnetostatic interaction effects. Our analyses of over 70 modern loessic soil profiles demonstrate that the abundance of pedogenic magnetite correlates well with modern climate and that the method is suited for reconstruction of past climates from paleosols.Citation: Geiss, C. E., R. Egli, and C. W. Zanner (2008), Direct estimates of pedogenic magnetite as a tool to reconstruct past climates from buried soils,

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct estimates of pedogenic magnetite as a tool to reconstruct past climates from buried soils

Geiss¹,

Egli²,

Zanner³

2008

J. Geophys. Res.

109

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“…As the height of vegetation increases, the aerodynamic roughness height also increases, resulting in higher trapping efficiency (Tsoar and Pye, 1987). Sparse herb tundra with low trapping efficiency has been hypothesized to explain the lack of thick LGM loess in Alaska , but studies in the Great Plains suggest that thick loess accumulated on ridge tops during the LGM under or in proximity to herb tundra vegetation (Baker et al, 1999;Mason et al, 1994).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glacial anticyclone recorded in Palouse loess of northwestern United States

Sweeney

Busacca

Richardson

et al. 2004

Geol

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Climate simulations for the Last Glacial Maximum using general circulation models typically show a glacial anticyclone that produced an easterly wind anomaly south of the North American ice sheets. Evidence of this phenomenon has not been found in eolian sedimentary deposits that record surface wind patterns. Luminescence ages of loess and accompanying paleoecologic records from opal phytoliths and paleosol units across the Columbia Plateau, Washington State, United States, document a decrease, up to fivefold, in regional dust production and accumulation from 35 ka to 15 ka. This interval corresponds to simulations indicating that a glacial anticyclone weakened prevailing southsouthwesterly winds that have shaped the eolian landscape of the Columbia Plateau since at least 75 ka. At the same time that the glacial anticyclone suppressed dust production and accumulation, enhanced cold and dry conditions resulted in soil formation dominated by intense bioturbation in periglacial steppe accompanied by shallow calcium carbonate precipitation. This is the first evidence from eolian deposits in North America verifying that the glacial anticyclone altered surface wind patterns and affected eolian systems during the Last Glacial Maximum.

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“…Three study sites occur on ridges adjacent to the Root River Valley in southeastern Minnesota (Fig. 1B) where sand deposits are found on multiple valley slopes and ridgetops that in most instances would be covered with up to 4 m of Peoria Loess (Mason et al, 1994). Where present, the Peoria Loess overlies a red clay-rich unit believed to be residuum from dolomite bedrock, but probably also containing older weathered loess units (Frolking et al, 1983;Jacobs et al, 1997;Mason and Knox, 1997).…”

Section: Geomorphic Settingmentioning

confidence: 97%