Transport of explosives I: TNT in soil and its equilibrium vapor

Baez, Bibiana; Correa, Sandra N.; Hernández‐Rivera, Samuel P.; Jesus, Maritza De; Castro, Miguel E.; Mina, Nairmen; Briano, Julio G.

doi:10.1117/12.542905

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In general, as soil becomes dry, more odor molecules absorb to the soil particles, lowering the odor availability. Moisture in the water enhances diffusion and increases odor availability (122,128,131). Because of the multifaceted nature of buried odor movement and availability, constructing reproducible testing with known variables is challenging.…”

Section: Effects Of Wrapping/containmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methodological Considerations in Canine Olfactory Detection Research

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Dogs are increasingly used in a wide range of detection tasks including explosives, narcotics, medical, and wildlife detection. Research on detection dog performance is important to understand olfactory capabilities, behavioral characteristics, improve training, expand deployment practices, and advance applied canine technologies. As such, it is important to understand the influence of specific variables on the quantification of detection dog performance such as test design, experimental controls, odor characteristics, and statistical analysis. Methods for testing canine scent detection vary influencing the outcome metrics of performance and the validity of results. Operators, management teams, policy makers, and law enforcement rely on scientific data to make decisions, design policies, and advance canine technologies. A lack of scientific information and standardized protocols in the detector dog industry adds difficulty and inaccuracies when making informed decisions about capability, vulnerability, and risk analysis. Therefore, the aim of this review is to highlight important methodological issues and expand on considerations for conducting scientifically valid detection dog research.

show abstract

Section: Effects Of Wrapping/containmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methodological Considerations in Canine Olfactory Detection Research

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Correa et al have reported the use of EM‐MS to improve detection methods for explosives associated with buried land mines (Correa et al, ; Baez et al, ; Baez, Correa, & Hernandez‐Rivera, ). 2,4,6‐Trinitrotoluene (TNT) and 1,3,5‐trinitroperhydro‐1,3,5‐triazine (commonly known as RDX) were investigated with a JEOL GCmate II equipped with a TEEM™ and a HP 5973 mass‐selective detector (MSD) (Correa et al, ).…”

Section: Data Collected On a Jeol Usa Teem™mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In subsequent reports, Correa et al reported improved I‐SPME procedures of TNT from acetonitrile extracts of soil samples (Baez et al, ; Baez, Correa, & Hernandez‐Rivera, ; Correa et al, ). Two different types of samples were investigated.…”

Section: Data Collected On a Jeol Usa Teem™mentioning

confidence: 99%

Analytical applications of electron monochromator-mass spectrometry

Jensen

Voorhees

2013

Mass Spec Rev

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

An electron monochromator (EM) produces an electron beam with a narrow energy distribution that can be utilized with mass spectrometry (MS). The history and development of the EM from an initial research design to a commercial model are reviewed along with MS research applications. An EM incorporated with a mass spectrometer showed significant improvement in sensitivity over traditional methods for negative-ion generation and selectivity for compounds with electrophilic character. Sensitivity of EM-MS has been shown to be 25 fg for hexachlorobenzene in positive-ion mode and 10 fg for nitrobenzene in negative-ion mode. Reports regarding the analysis of chlorinated compounds, explosives, pesticides, phthalates, polychlorodibenzo-p-dioxins, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), nitro-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (NPAHs), antioxidants, and bacterial biomarkers are discussed. Additionally, theoretical methods to predict electron-capture properties are presented.

show abstract

“…In addition, the cross effects among the several processes occurring simultaneously can only be studied experimentally. Previous works have been carried out by Phelan and coworkers [1,2] at Sandia National Laboratory, and by Professor Thomas Jenkins' group at the US Corps of Engineers, Cold Regions Lab (CREL) [3]. Since the most important transport mechanism has been associated to water fluxes, Phelan et al [1] focused their experiments on water content and relative humidity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Detection of the spectroscopic signatures of explosives and their degradation products

et al. 2005

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Detection and removal of antipersonnel and antitank landmines is a great challenge and a worldwide enviromental and humanitarian problem. Sensors tuned on the spectroscopic signature of the chemicals released from mines are a potential solution. Enviromental factors (temperature, relative humidity, rainfall precipitation, wind, sun irradiation, pressure, etc.) as well as soil characteristics (water content, compaction, porosity, chemical composition, particle size distribution, topography, vegetation, etc), have a direct impact on the fate and transport of the chemicals released from landmines. Chemicals such as TNT, DNT and their degradation products, are semi-volatile, and somewhat soluble in water. Also, they may adsorb strongly to soil particles, and are susceptible to degradation by microorganisms, light, or chemical agents. Here we show an experimental procedure to quantify the effect of the above variables on the spectroscopic signature. A number of soil tanks under controlled conditions are used to study the effect of temperature, water content, relative humidity and light radiation.

show abstract

Transport of explosives I: TNT in soil and its equilibrium vapor

Cited by 9 publications

References 0 publications

Methodological Considerations in Canine Olfactory Detection Research

Methodological Considerations in Canine Olfactory Detection Research

Analytical applications of electron monochromator-mass spectrometry

Detection of the spectroscopic signatures of explosives and their degradation products

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About