Transport of Live and Dead Boar Spermatozoa Within the Reproductive Tract of Gilts

Distribution of Frozen-Thawed Spermatozoa in the Reproductive Tract of Gilts at Different Time Intervals After Insemination

“…Although the initial transport of dead spermatozoa into the oviducts is as rapid as that of live spermatozoa (First, Short, Peters & Stratman, 1968), it has been established that fewer dead spermatozoa enter the oviducts (Baker & Degen, 1972).…”

Boar sperm with defective motility are discriminated in the backflow moments after insemination

“…After insemination of gilts with 50% of dead sperm and 50% of live sperm, the number of live sperm collected in the uterus and oviduct increased with the time after insemination [29]. In the first 15 minutes after insemination, the proportions of dead and live sperm collected were similar (around 50% of each), whereas from 15 minutes to 60 minutes, the number of live sperm collected in the uterus increased (58%-77%).…”

“…2). Some studies have attempted to evaluate how the presence of altered spermatozoa might modify the uterus in some aspects [29][30][31][32][33] although there are no data on how sperm quality could influence the backflow characteristics. Some of the above reports have evaluated endometrium changes in several species after insemination with dead spermatozoa [31][32][33] but further studies are necessary to clarify the findings.…”

“…Volume, number, and percentage of stained spermatozoa were evaluated in the backflow (collected at 0-15, 16-30, and 31-60 minutes after insemination). This article provides evidence that (1) the motility characteristics of the spermatozoa do not influence the percentage of sows with backflow, the volume and number of spermatozoa in the backflow; (2) the discarding of spermatozoa in the backflow is not specific during the first moments after insemination (0-15 minutes), whereas later (16-60 minutes), spermatozoa with defective motility (low and medium groups) are discarded in a higher proportion than high group in the backflow (16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30) 85.13 AE 4.32%; medium, 72.99 AE 5.05%; and high, 54.91 AE 2.38%; P < 0.0001; 31-60 minutes: low, 87.16 AE 6.01%; medium, 87.02 AE 4.01%; and high, 59.35 AE 2.86%; P ¼ 0.001]). Spermatozoa with poor motility are discarded in the backflow probably as a selective process, on the part of the female genital tract or as a result of the intrinsic low spermatozoa motility.…”

032 Use of Triptorelin Acetate for Inducing Ovulation and Facilitating Fixed Time Artificial Insemination of Sows Weaned on Small-Scale and Niche Market Pig Farms

“…Despite inseminating large numbers of sperm cells into the cervix, only a small number will end up reaching the oviduct, which serves as the sperm reservoir (Hunter, 1981). Movement of sperm cells up the reproductive tract is relatively quick and sperm cells are found in the oviducts minutes after insemination (Baker & Degen, 1972). Myometrial contractions help transport sperm cells to the ampullary-isthmus junction of the oviduct where fertilization occurs (Einarsson et al, 1980;Viring and Einarsson., 1981;Langendijk et al, 2005a).…”