Transport of Tricarboxylic Acids in
            <i>Salmonella typhimurium</i>

Imai, Ko; Iijima, Teiji; Hasegawa, Takezi

doi:10.1128/jb.114.3.961-965.1973

Cited by 20 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…Reynolds and Silver (32) demonstrated that the Cit+ plasmid confers the ability to transport citrate by a system that was partially inducible. The substrate range of tricarboxylic acids for the Cit+ plasmid-containing E. coli and the requirement for H+ but neither K+, Na+, nor Mg2+ (32) distinguished this plasmid-determined system from those known in other organisms, including Salmonella typhimurium (9,20,21), and also from the unique chromosomal rearrangement of E. coli that led to a Cit+ phenotype (6,32). Recently, one Cit+ plasmid determinant has been cloned and analyzed by restriction nuclease mapping and a polypeptide product has been identified as a 35,000-dalton membrane protein (8).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cloning and DNA sequence of a plasmid-determined citrate utilization system in Escherichia coli

Sasatsu¹,

Misra²,

Chu³

et al. 1985

J Bacteriol

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The citrate utilization determinant from a large 200-kilobase (kb) naturally occurring plasmid was previously cloned into the PstI site of plasmid vector pBR325 creating the Cit+ tetracycline resistance plasmid pWR61 (15 kb). TnS insertion mutagenesis analysis of plasmid pWR61 limited the segment responsible for citrate utilization to a 4.8-kb region bordered by EcoRI and PstI restriction nuclease sites. The 4.8-kb fragment was cloned into phage M13, and the DNA'sequence was determined by the dideoxyribonucleotide method. Within this sequence was a 1,296-base-pair open reading frame with a preceding ribosomal binding site. The 431-amino-acid polypeptide that could be translated from this open reading frame would be highly hydrophobic.A second long open reading frame with the potential of encoding a 379-amino-acid polypeptide preceded the larger open reading frame. Portions of the 4.8-kb fragment were further subcloned with restriction epdonucleases BglII and BamHI, reducing the minimum size needed for a citrate-positive phenotype to a 1.9-kb BamHI-BgIII fragment (which includes the coding region for the 431-amino-acid polypeptide, but only the distal 2/3 of the reading frame for the 379-amino-acid polypeptide). Citrate utilization results from a citrate transport activity encoded by the plasmid. With the 4.8-kb fragment (as with larger fragments) the citrate transport activity was inducible by growth on citrate. On transfer from glucose, succinate, malate, or glycerol medium to citrate medium, the Cit+ Escherichia coli strains showed a delay of 36 to 48 h before growth.The inability of Escherichia coli to utilize citrate as the sole carbon and energy source has been recognized for 60 years (22) and provides the basis for an often-used distinction between Cit-E. coli and many similar but Cit+ bacterial species. The recent discovery of naturally occurring plasmids that confer a Cit+ phenotype on E. coli strains (14,15,35) has provided an explanation for the periodic isolation of bacteria that would have been called E. coli except for their ability to utilize citrate. A wide range of Cit+ plasmids have been found from animal and human sources (10-17, 34, 35), and the existence of such determinants requires answers as to how they have arisen and spread and what the biochemical basis for the Cit+ phenotype might be. Ishiguro et al. (19) found one such Cit+ determinant on a transposon. Reynolds and Silver (32) demonstrated that the Cit+ plasmid confers the ability to transport citrate by a system that was partially inducible. The substrate range of tricarboxylic acids for the Cit+ plasmid-containing E. coli and the requirement for H+ but neither K+, Na+, nor Mg2+ (32) distinguished this plasmid-determined system from those known in other organisms, including Salmonella typhimurium (9, 20, 21), and also from the unique chromosomal rearrangement of E. coli that led to a Cit+ phenotype (6,32). Recently, one Cit+ plasmid determinant has been cloned and analyzed by restriction nuclease mapping and a polypeptide product has ...

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cloning and DNA sequence of a plasmid-determined citrate utilization system in Escherichia coli

Sasatsu¹,

Misra²,

Chu³

et al. 1985

J Bacteriol

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“…The Cit plasmid to be tested was transmitted from Cit+ E coli ML1410 to E. coli SG1 at 28 or 37°C, and susceptibility of fl or f2 phage on Cit+ E. coli SG1 was tested. Of 221 Cit plasmids derived from 107 Salmonella strains, 219 were Fiexcept for two plasmids determining Ap, Cm, Sm, Su, and Tc resistance as well as 9 (2) Cit, Ap Cm Km Tc ......... ........ 1 (1) Cit, Ap Cm Sm Su ............ 2 (1) Cit, Ap Cm ........................ 3 (1) Cit, CmKmSmSuTcHg .......... 5 (1) Cit, Cm Km Sm Su Tc ....... ....... 7 (2) Cit, Cm Sm Su Tc Hg ...........…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution of citrate utilization plasmids in Salmonella strains of bovine origin in Japan

Ishiguro¹,

Hirose²,

Sato³

1980

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Attempts to detect transferable citrate-utilizing (Cit) ability in enterobacterial strains were carried out by conjugation experiments. Of 318 strains of Salmonella typhimurium and 1 strain of Salmonella bredeney isolated from cattle in Japan from 1970 to 1979, 107 (33.5%) strains contained transferable Cit characters. Most of the strains transferred the Cit characters to recipient Escherichia coli more efficiently at 28°C than at 37°C, indicating that their transfer of the Cit character is thermosensitive. Transferred Cit characters were found in association with drug resistance markers such as ampicillin, chloramphenicol, kanamycin, streptomycin, sulfonamides, and tetracycline or with mercury resistance, but Cit plasmids conferring Cit ability alone were also obtained. Of 221 conjugative Cit plasmids tested for fertility inhibition (Fi), all but 2 were Fi-and exhibited thermosensitive transfer; 2 Cit plasmids showing the Fi+ character were also isolated from 2 S. typhimurium strains. No transferable Cit character was detected from strains of Proteus, Serratia, Klebsiella, Enterobacter, and Citrobacter spp. isolated from humans or cows in the present study. The utilization of tricarboxylic acids by strains with plasmid-borne Cit ability was examined, and two different patterns of utilization were found in the Cit+ E. coli transconjugants.

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“…Unlike the above mentioned microorganisms, bacteria like E. coli, S. typhimurium and P. rettgeri lack oxaloacetate decarboxylase. Oxaloacetate produced by citrate lyase reaction, hence, is converted to malate, fumarate and finally to succinate by malate dehydrogenase, fumarase, and fumarate reductase [7,87,90,91,106]. In the case of the first two organisms reducing power is provided by the utilization of a cosubstrate [7,88].…”

Section: Physiology and Enzymology Of Citrate Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Citrate metabolism in anaerobic bacteria

Antranikian

Giffhorn

1987

FEMS Microbiology Letters

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The regulation of anaerobic citrate metabolism is very diverse among different groups of bacteria. In organisms like Streptococcus lactis and Clostridium sporosphaeroides which lack citrate synthase, the activity of its antagonistic enzyme, citrate lyase, need not be regulated. Many anaerobes like Rhodocyclus gelatinosus and Clostridium sphenoides are able to synthesize their own l‐glutamate and contain citrate synthase. In these bacteria the activity of citrate metabolizing enzymes which are involved in a cascade system are under strict control. In Rc. gelatinosus activation/inactivation of citrate lyase is controlled by acetylation/deacetylation which is catalyzed by its corresponding regulatory enzymes, citrate lyase ligase and citrate lyase deacetylase. In C. sphenoides inactivation of citrate lyase is accomplished by deacetylation as well as by changing in the enzyme conformation. Activation of citrate lyase is catalyzed by citrate lyase ligase whose activity in addition is modulated by phosphorylation/dephosphorylation. Further, electron transport process also seems to play a role in the inactivation of citrate metabolizing enzymes in enteric bacteria.

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Transport of Tricarboxylic Acids in Salmonella typhimurium

Cited by 20 publications

References 20 publications

Cloning and DNA sequence of a plasmid-determined citrate utilization system in Escherichia coli

Cloning and DNA sequence of a plasmid-determined citrate utilization system in Escherichia coli

Distribution of citrate utilization plasmids in Salmonella strains of bovine origin in Japan

Citrate metabolism in anaerobic bacteria

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