Transport phenomena in the rarefied gas transition regime

McCoy, Benjamin J.; Cha, Cui

doi:10.1016/0009-2509(74)80047-3

Cited by 89 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…using Equation (14) (McCoy and Cha 1974;Melton 1984), where λ air (T ∞ ) is the thermal conductivity of air at 300 K, which was set to be 0.0262 W/mK (Jaluria and Torrance 2003). Details of the derivation of Equation (15) from (14) are described by Liu et al (2006).…”

Section: Model Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Mixing State on Black Carbon Measurements by Laser-Induced Incandescence

Moteki

Kondo

2007

Aerosol Science and Technology

297

302

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Laboratory experiments and theoretical calculations were made to characterize the performance of a Single Particle Soot Photometer (SP2) manufactured by Droplet Measurement Technologies (DMT), which was designed to measure the mass and the mixing state of individual black carbon (BC) or elemental carbon (EC) particles, based on the laser-induced incandescence (LII) technique. In this study, graphite was used as a surrogate of EC. Graphite particles with mass equivalent diameters of 110-200 nm were layered with organic liquids (glycerol and oleic acid) to produce coated graphite with diameters up to 650-800 nm. These were sampled by the SP2 to measure the waveforms (i.e., time development) of the LII and scattering signals. The peak temperature and the peak LII signal of graphite particles were independent of the coating thickness or the coating material to within experimental errors. These results indicate that the mass of EC can be measured by using peak LII signal without interference by the coating conditions. It was also shown that the difference between the times of the scattering and LII peaks can be used as an indicator of coating on EC with thicknesses larger than about 100-200 nm. LII and scattering waveforms were calculated using a newly developed theoretical model that takes into account the physical processes controlling the temperature and evaporation rate of the coated graphite particle in the laser beam. The calculations reproduced the general features of observed waveforms of LII and scattering signals, providing a firm theoretical basis for the interpretation of the SP2 data.

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Section: Model Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Mixing State on Black Carbon Measurements by Laser-Induced Incandescence

Moteki

Kondo

2007

Aerosol Science and Technology

297

302

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“…This method requires a priori knowledge of the ambient gas temperature, which is determined by thermocouple in the sample cell. The primary particle diameter, d pp , is determined directly from the decay of the LII signal, using the relation derived from McCoy and Cha (1974),…”

Section: Primary Particle Sizementioning

confidence: 99%

Particle Emission Characteristics of a Gas Turbine with a Double Annular Combustor

Boies

Stettler

Swanson

et al. 2015

Aerosol Science and Technology

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The total climate, air quality, and health impact of aircraft black carbon (BC) emissions depend on quantity (mass and number concentration) as well as morphology (fractal dimension and surface area) of emitted BC aggregates. This study examines multiple BC emission metrics from a gas turbine with a double annular combustor, CFM56-5B4-2P. As a part of the SAMPLE III.2 campaign, concurrent measurements of particle mobility, particle mass, particle number concentration, and mass concentration, as well as collection of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) samples, allowed for characterization of the BC emissions. Mass-and number-based emission indices were strongly influenced by thrust setting during pilot combustion and ranged from <1 to 208 mg/kg-fuel and 3 £ £ 10 12 to 3 £ £ 10 16 particles/kg-fuel, respectively. Mobility measurements indicated that mean diameters ranged from 7 to 44 nm with a strong dependence on thrust during pilot-only combustion. Using aggregation and sintering theory with empirical effective density relationships, a power-law relationship between primary particle diameter and mobility diameter is presented. Mean primary particle diameter ranged from 6 to 19 nm; however, laserinduced incandescence (LII) and mass-mobility-calculated primary particle diameters demonstrated opposite trends with thrust setting. Similarly, mass-mobility-calculated aggregate mass specific surface area and LII-measured surface area were not in agreement, indicating both methods need further development and validation before use as quantitative indicators of primary particle diameter and mass-specific surface area.

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“…Für die experimentelle Bestimmung dieser Größe unter Berücksichtigung der Aggregateigenschaften wurden daher Messungen an 14 verschiedenen Industrierußen mit unterschiedlichen Größenparametern durchgeführt. [6] Verwendung, der auf der Berechnung von Kollisionsfrequenzen der Gasmoleküle mit der Partikeloberfläche und anderen Gasmolekülen beruht. Auf diesem Ansatz beruht auch unsere frühere Untersuchung zur Wärmeleitung von aggregierten Nanopartikeln [7].…”

Section: Einleitung Und Problemstellungunclassified

Laserinduzierte Inkandeszenz (LII) zur Partikelgrößenbestimmung von aggregierten Rußpartikeln

Kuhlmann

Reimann

Will

2009

Chemie Ingenieur Technik

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Transport phenomena in the rarefied gas transition regime

Cited by 89 publications

References 17 publications

Effects of Mixing State on Black Carbon Measurements by Laser-Induced Incandescence

Effects of Mixing State on Black Carbon Measurements by Laser-Induced Incandescence

Particle Emission Characteristics of a Gas Turbine with a Double Annular Combustor

Laserinduzierte Inkandeszenz (LII) zur Partikelgrößenbestimmung von aggregierten Rußpartikeln

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