Transporter protein and drug-conjugated gold nanoparticles capable of bypassing the blood-brain barrier

Zhang, Yanhua; Walker, Janelle Buttry; Minic, Zeljka; Liu, Fangchao; Goshgarian, Harry G.; Mao, Guangzhao

doi:10.1038/srep25794

Cited by 62 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Indeed, no brain changes were noted with H & E staining and GO deposition was not observed. These observations differ from studies of gold nanoparticles which can pass through the blood brain barrier [34]. Thus, GO may not be toxic to the central nervous system.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 75%

Sub-Acute Toxicity Study of Graphene Oxide in the Sprague-Dawley Rat

Wang

et al. 2016

IJERPH

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Graphene oxide (GO) is an oxidized derivative of graphene used in biotechnology and medicine. The safety of GO is uncertain, so we evaluated its toxicity in male rats. Rat tail veins were injected with 2.5, 5, or 10 mg/kg GO for seven days and behavioral patterns, pathology, and tissue morphology were assessed. Data show that behaviors were not altered according to an open field test and a functional observational battery test, but histopathological analysis indicated that GO caused inflammation of the lung, liver, and spleen. GO also reduced cholesterol, high density lipoprotein (HDL), and low density lipoprotein (LDL). No other organs were modified. Thus, high concentrations of GO are toxic for the lung, liver, and spleen, but the mechanism by which this occurs requires more study.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 75%

Sub-Acute Toxicity Study of Graphene Oxide in the Sprague-Dawley Rat

Wang

et al. 2016

IJERPH

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“…AuNPs have low toxicity and also easily cross the BBB [111]. For example, a wheat germ agglutinin horseradish peroxidase (WGA-HRP) conjugated AuNPs has been shown to be able to cross the BBB through intramuscular injection in the diaphragm of rats [112]. They are also used for imaging as X-ray contrast agents for computer tomography (CT) [113].…”

Section: Nanocarriers Nanoparticles and Vectorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overcoming the Blood–Brain Barrier. Challenges and Tricks for CNS Drug Delivery

2019

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Treatment of certain central nervous system disorders, including different types of cerebral malignancies, is limited by traditional oral or systemic administrations of therapeutic drugs due to possible serious side effects and/or lack of the brain penetration and, therefore, the efficacy of the drugs is diminished. During the last decade, several new technologies were developed to overcome barrier properties of cerebral capillaries. This review gives a short overview of the structural elements and anatomical features of the blood–brain barrier. The various in vitro (static and dynamic), in vivo (microdialysis), and in situ (brain perfusion) blood–brain barrier models are also presented. The drug formulations and administration options to deliver molecules effectively to the central nervous system (CNS) are presented. Nanocarriers, nanoparticles (lipid, polymeric, magnetic, gold, and carbon based nanoparticles, dendrimers, etc.), viral and peptid vectors and shuttles, sonoporation and microbubbles are briefly shown. The modulation of receptors and efflux transporters in the cell membrane can also be an effective approach to enhance brain exposure to therapeutic compounds. Intranasal administration is a noninvasive delivery route to bypass the blood–brain barrier, while direct brain administration is an invasive mode to target the brain region with therapeutic drug concentrations locally. Nowadays, both technological and mechanistic tools are available to assist in overcoming the blood–brain barrier. With these techniques more effective and even safer drugs can be developed for the treatment of devastating brain disorders.

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“…A natural substance wheat germ agglutinin-horseradish peroxide (WGA-hrp) was conjugated to gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and administered in the IM injection into the mice. Results were remarkable in terms of drug penetration across BBB [29].…”

Section: Nanopharmaceuticals: Brain Targeting Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Nanopharmaceuticals: A Boon to the Brain-Targeted Drug Delivery

Zeeshan¹,

Mukhtar²,

Ain³

et al. 2020

Pharmaceutical Formulation Design - Recent Practices

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Brain is well known for its multifarious nature and complicated diseases. Brain consists of natural barriers that pose difficulty for the therapeutic agents to reach the brain tissues. Blood-brain barrier is the major barrier while blood-brain tumor barrier, bloodcerebrospinal (CSF) barrier and efflux pump impart additional hindrance. Therapeutic goal is to achieve a considerable drug concentration in the brain tissues in order to obtain desired therapeutic outcomes. To overcome the barriers, nanotechnology was employed in the field of drug delivery and brain targeting. Nanopharmaceuticals are rapidly emerging sub-branch that deals with the drug-loaded nanocarriers or nanomaterials that have unique physicochemical properties and minute size range for penetrating the CNS. Additionally, nanopharmaceuticals can be tailored with functional modalities to achieve active targeting to the brain tissues. The magic behind their therapeutic success is the reduced amount of dose and lesser toxicity, whereby localizing the therapeutic agent to the specific site. Different types of nanopharmaceuticals like polymeric, lipidic and amphiphilic nanocarriers were administered into the living organisms by exploiting different routes for improved targeted therapy. Therefore, it is essential to throw light on the properties, mechanism and delivery route of the major nanopharmaceuticals that are employed for the brain-specific drug delivery.

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Transporter protein and drug-conjugated gold nanoparticles capable of bypassing the blood-brain barrier

Cited by 62 publications

References 24 publications

Sub-Acute Toxicity Study of Graphene Oxide in the Sprague-Dawley Rat

Sub-Acute Toxicity Study of Graphene Oxide in the Sprague-Dawley Rat

Overcoming the Blood–Brain Barrier. Challenges and Tricks for CNS Drug Delivery

Nanopharmaceuticals: A Boon to the Brain-Targeted Drug Delivery

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