Transposon Tagging in Cereal Crops

Conrad, Liza; Kikuchi, Kazuhiro; Brutnell, Thomas P.

doi:10.1002/9783527622542.ch13

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…This term was coined because it is essentially the reverse of the process of forward-genetics which starts with a phenotype and ends with a gene sequence. While endogenous transposons have been used for gene disruptions in some crops such as maize and rice, a major development came in the late 1990s with a reverse genetic approach known as TILLING that uses induced mutations (Meeley and Briggs 1995;McCallum et al 2000;Hirochika 2001;Conrad et al 2008;Hunter et al 2014). TILLING, short for Targeting Induced Local Lesions IN Genomes, typically utilises mutagens that induce a high density of induced mutations randomly throughout the genome (Kurowska et al 2011;Greene et al 2003;Jankowicz-Cieslak et al 2011).…”

Section: Lower-cost Mutation Discovery and Genotyping Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mutagenesis for Crop Breeding and Functional Genomics

Jankowicz-Cieślak

Chikelu

Till

2016

Biotechnologies for Plant Mutation Breeding

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Genetic variation is a source of phenotypic diversity and is a major driver of evolutionary diversification. Heritable variation was observed and used thousands of years ago in the domestication of plants and animals. The mechanisms that govern the inheritance of traits were later described by Mendel. In the early decades of the twentieth century, scientists showed that the relatively slow rate of natural mutation could be increased by several orders of magnitude by treating Drosophila and cereals with X-rays. What is striking about these achievements is that they came in advance of experimental evidence that DNA is the heritable material. This highlights one major advantage of induced mutations for crop breeding: prior knowledge of genes or gene function is not required to successfully create plants with improved traits and to release new varieties. Indeed, mutation induction has been an important tool for crop breeding since the release of the first mutant variety of tobacco in the 1930s. In addition to plant mutation breeding, induced mutations have been used extensively for functional genomics in model organisms and crops. Novel reverse-genetic strategies, such as Targeting Induced Local Lesions IN Genomes (TILLING), are being used for the production of stable genetic stocks of mutant plant populations such as Arabidopsis, barley, soybean, tomato and wheat. These can be kept for many years and screened repeatedly for different traits. Robust and efficient methods are required for the seamless integration of induced mutations in breeding and functional genomics studies. This chapter provides an overview of the principles and methodologies that underpin the set of protocols and guidelines for the use of induced mutations to improve crops.

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